▼ ASYLUM · TOP DEST · 2025 ES Spain 141,050 IT Italy 126,630 FR France 116,480 DE Germany 113,235 EL Greece 55,375 BE Belgium 27,550 NL Netherlands 24,115 IE Ireland 12,980 AT Austria 12,155 PL Poland 11,160
▼ TOP ORIGIN NATIONS · 2025 VE Venezuela 89,460 AF Afghanistan 63,825 SY Syria 39,995 BD Bangladesh 35,300 TR Türkiye 24,215 EG Egypt 22,550 UA Ukraine 22,365 CO Colombia 20,850 PE Peru 19,645 MA Morocco 18,670
▼ FRONTEX ROUTES · 2024 Eastern Mediterranean (incl. land border) 73,000 Central Mediterranean 66,766 Western African / Atlantic to Canaries 46,843 Western Balkans 21,515 Eastern Land Borders (Belarus + others) 16,939 Western Mediterranean 11,900 English Channel (UK-bound) 0 TOTAL EU 236,963 NGO rescues 2024 52,140
▼ DEAD+MISSING · IOM 2026 1,185 2025 3,052 2024 3,653 By route (since 2014) Mediterranean 33,746 Northern Africa 10,076 Europe 1,463 SINCE 2014 45,285
▼ DECISIONS · 2025 TOTAL ISSUED 832,625 REFUGEE20% SUBSIDIARY8.7% HUMANITARIAN10.4% NEGATIVE60.9% Appeal pending238,720 Avg processing days214
▼ FIRST PERMITS · 2024 WORK1,115,986 FAMILY950,422 EDUCATION549,458 OTHER888,784 TOTAL3,504,650 Renewals4,820,000 Long-term resid.10,340,000 Blue Card holders89,650
▼ FOREIGN POPULATION · 2025 FOREIGN CITIZENS · EU-27 44.7M EU-foreign14.1M Non-EU30.6M % of EU pop9.9% Born abroad80.2M 2nd generation19.4M YoY net migration+2.3M
▼ NATURALISATIONS · 2024 ACQUISITIONS · EU-27 1,177,232 TOP 5 DE Germany 288,670 ES Spain 252,476 IT Italy 217,448 FR France 103,661 SE Sweden 62,989 Family reunif.912,600 Mixed marriages182,400
▼ RETURNS · 2024 ORDERS ISSUED464,985 EXECUTED127,055 GAP−337,930 EXECUTION RATE 27.3% Voluntary dep.38,580 Forced removals88,360
▼ TOP RETURN MS · 2024 DE Germany 22,005 FR France 16,665 SE Sweden 13,600 CY Cyprus 8,910 PL Poland 8,530 AT Austria 7,220 HR Croatia 6,800 TOP DESTINATIONS Albania·Georgia·MD38,420 Türkiye·Tunisia·MA21,800
▼ DUBLIN TRANSFERS · 2024 OUT REQUESTS82,440 ACCEPTED49,820 EXECUTED17,660 TRANSFER RATE 21.4% Take-back IT14,820 Take-charge DE11,640
▼ PRE-REMOVAL DETENTION · 2024 DETAINED98,420 Avg days32 Released w/o return71,820 Successful returns26,600 DETENTION → RETURN RATE 27% Capacity EU-2726,300 Cost / day€110
▼ PRISON POP · BY CITIZENSHIP · 2023 FOREIGN SHARE OF PRISON POPULATION EU-27 AVG22.1% DE 33.5% IT 31.4% ES 27.9% FR 24.3% NL 19.8% SE 31.2%
▼ SUSPECTED OFFENDERS · 2023 FOREIGN SHARE OF POLICE-RECORDED SUSPECTS EU-27 weighted17.4% Violent crime21.8% Property crime19.2% Drug-related23.6% Cybercrime9.4% Convicted (EU avg)18.9%
▼ ASYLUM-LINKED CRIME (DE) · 2023 SUSPECTED OFFENDERS BY STATUS · BAMF / BKA Asylum applicants8.2% Refugee status3.4% Irregular stay5.6% Reoffending rate38.4% Repeat in 12mo22.1%
▼ DEPORTATION ORDERS · POST-CONV · 2023 DE 14,820 FR 11,640 IT 8,920 ES 6,710 TOTAL EU-2768,420 Of which executed29,820 EXEC RATE · POST-CRIM 43.6%
▼ FOREIGN STUDENTS · K-12 EU-27 avg12.4% LU 51.2% AT 22.4% DE 17.8% SE 19.1% IT 11.2% FR 9.8% Foreign-born share18.7%
▼ WELFARE BENEFICIARIES NON-CITIZEN SHARE · ESSPROS Family11.8% Housing14.6% Unemployment13.2% Min income17.4% Healthcare9.4% Foreign pop share10.0%
▼ REMITTANCES OUTFLOW EU OUTFLOW 2024 · BCE BoP €48.2B FR €14.20B DE €8.64B IT €8.10B ES €7.84B NL €2.18B Cumul. 2015–24€421.00B
▼ LABOUR MARKET · 15-64 FOREIGN-CITIZEN EU Employed62.4% Unemployment11.8% NEET 15-2922.4% CF. NATIONALS Employed71.8% Unemployment5.4% NEET 15-299.6%