First permits by reason

In 2024, the EU-27 figure for first permits by reason was 3,504,650 .

That is a 8.3% fell versus 2023 (3,821,562).

Over the five years before that, the EU-27 aggregate moved 17.4% higher.

Across member states, Spain reported the highest value (561,640, 2024) and Estonia the lowest (4,860, 2024) — a ratio of 115.6× between the two ends of the range.

The figures below come from Eurostat dataset tps00170; every value links back to the canonical source.