Judgment of the Court

Judgment of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#European Commission v Republic of Bulgaria.#Failure of a Member State to fulfil obligations – Article 258 TFEU – Directive (EU) 2019/520 – Interoperability of electronic road toll systems and facilitation of cross-border exchange of information on the failure to pay road fees in the European Union – Failure to transpose – Failure to notify potential transposition measures – Article 260(3) TFEU – Application for an order to pay a lump sum.#Case C-479/23.

Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#Lidl Italia Srl v Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (AGCM).#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices – Directive 2005/29/EC – Scope – Relationship between the provisions of that directive and other EU rules regulating specific aspects of unfair commercial practices – Article 3(4) – Unfair food information practices – Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 – Whether there is a conflict – Complementary nature of systems of protection.#Case C-301/25.

Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#Auditeur du travail and Others v FR.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protocol (No 7) on the privileges and immunities of the European Union – Article 10 – Member of the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) – Waiver of immunity – Member whose immunity has been waived in the context of legal proceedings for criminal offences – Appointment for a new parliamentary term – No need for a further waiver of immunity for the same facts.#Case C-30/25.

Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#AS v BNP Paribas Bank Polska S.A.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Directive 93/13/EEC – Effects of a finding that a term is unfair – Addendum to a mortgage loan agreement – Consequences of the nullity of that addendum on the validity of that contract – Principles of effectiveness and proportionality – Deterrent effect – Conditions for the continued existence of the contract – Obligations of the national court.#Case C-246/25.

Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#Stappert Magyarország Kft. v Nemzeti Adó- és Vámhivatal Fellebbviteli Igazgatósága.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Common commercial policy – Anti-dumping duties – Imposition of definitive safeguard measures in respect of imports of certain steel products – Import of stainless steel products originating in Taiwan – Two valid order numbers – Exhaustion of one of two tariff-rate quotas – Cumulative imposition of anti-dumping duties and additional duties.#Case C-115/25.

Judgment of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#Yavor Markov v European Commission.#Appeal – Civil service – Recruitment – Competition EPSO/AD/383/21 – Decision not to include the appellant on the reserve list – Legal framework applicable to a competition – Arrangements for and duration of the oral presentation test – Legitimate expectations – Article 1(1) of Annex III to the Staff Regulations – Principle of good administration – General rules governing Open Competitions – Code of good administrative behaviour for staff of the European Commission in their relations with the public – European Parliament resolution for an open, efficient and independent European Union administration – Action for annulment and for compensation.#Case C-31/25 P.

Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#Okresná prokuratúra Bratislava III v AC.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Judicial cooperation in criminal matters – Directive (EU) 2016/343 – Articles 3 and 4 – Presumption of innocence – Article 48(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Order that no further action be taken – Judicial decision that is not a decision on guilt – Setting aside and referral back to a lower court – Findings made by the higher court as to whether the constituent elements of the offence concerned are present – Obligation on the part of the lower court to comply with the rulings of the higher court – Appropriate measures in the event of breach of the presumption of innocence.#Case C-748/24.

Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte eV (GEMA) v VHC 2 Seniorenresidenz und Pflegeheim gGmbH.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Intellectual property – Copyright and related rights – Directive 2001/29/EC – Article 3(1) – Communication to the public – Concept – Retransmission of a signal via a cable network of a retirement home – Specific technical means – New public.#Case C-127/24.

Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#Wenzel Logistics GmbH v Mercedes-Benz Group AG.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Competition – Article 101 TFEU – Agreements, decisions and concerted practices – Directive 2014/104/EU – Article 3(2) – Right to full compensation for harm caused by a cartel – Payment of interest – Article 22(2) – Temporal application of national transposition provisions – Determination of the date from which interest is due – Time when the harm occurred in the case of the acquisition of goods at inflated prices.#Case C-191/25.

Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#,,Nekilnojamojo turto valdymas“ BUAB v Valstybinė mokesčių inspekcija prie Lietuvos Respublikos finansų ministerijos.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Common system of value added tax (VAT) – Directive 2006/112/EC – Article 273 – Article 49(3) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Obligations deemed necessary to ensure the correct collection of VAT and to prevent fraud – National legislation providing for a set of rules in respect of default interest relating to VAT arrears – Charging of default interest – Principle of proportionality.#Case C-544/24.

Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 30 April 2026.#CD Tondela – Futebol, SAD and Others v Autoridade da Concorrência.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Competition – Professional football – No-poach-of-players agreement, concluded by a national sports association and a group of clubs following the suspension of the 2019/2020 sporting season due to the COVID-19 pandemic – Article 101(1) TFEU – Restriction of competition by object or by effect – Labour market – Recruitment of players by clubs – Unilateral termination of employment contract by players – Expiration of employment contract – Content of the agreement – Economic and legal context surrounding the agreement – Competition-related objective aims of the agreement – Whether justified – Conditions – Pursuit of legitimate objectives in the public interest – Necessity – Justification.#Case C-133/24.

Judgment of the General Court (Sixth Chamber) of 29 April 2026.#Romagnoli Fratelli SpA v Community Plant Variety Office.#Plant varieties – Grant of a Community plant variety right for the potato variety Melrose – Failure to pay the annual fee on time – Cancellation of right – Application for restitutio in integrum – Competence of the Board of Appeal – Concept of ‘particular circumstances’ – Conditions for notification of decisions and communications of the CPVO.#Case T-573/24.

Judgment of the General Court (Ninth Chamber) of 29 April 2026.#Fisher Investments Europe Ltd v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU trade mark – Applications for EU figurative marks FI – Absolute ground for refusal – Descriptiveness – Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.#Case T-465/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Third Chamber) of 29 April 2026.#HI v European Parliament.#Civil service – Officials – Reports procedure – 2022 appraisal procedure – Staff report – Impartiality – Duty of care – Protection of personal data – Article 43 of the Staff Regulations – Internal rules on staff reports – Manifest error of assessment.#Case T-30/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Ninth Chamber) of 29 April 2026.#Doors Bulgaria EOOD v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU design – Invalidity proceedings – Registered EU design representing doors – Disclosure of the earlier design – Proof of the disclosure – Article 7(1) of Regulation (EC) No 6/2002.#Case T-580/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Ninth Chamber) of 29 April 2026.#Doors Bulgaria EOOD v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU design – Invalidity proceedings – Registered EU design representing doors – Disclosure of the earlier design – Proof of the disclosure – Article 7(1) of Regulation (EC) No 6/2002.#Case T-579/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Second Chamber) of 29 April 2026.#Groupvet EE v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU trade mark – Opposition Proceedings – Application for the EU figurative mark ALFAVET – Earlier EU figurative mark alfavet – Relative ground for refusal – Likelihood of confusion – Article 8(1)(b) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.#Case T-403/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Ninth Chamber) of 29 April 2026.#Doors Bulgaria EOOD v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU design – Invalidity proceedings – Registered EU design representing doors – Disclosure of the earlier design – Proof of the disclosure – Article 7(1) of Regulation (EC) No 6/2002.#Case T-578/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Tenth Chamber) of 29 April 2026.#Isabel Sánchez v European Commission.#Civil service – Officials – Recruitment – Notice of competition – Open competition EPSO/AD/391/21 – Decision not to place the applicant’s name on the reserve list – Equal treatment – Normalisation of marks – Obligation to state reasons – Rights of the defence – Principle of good administration – Duration of the administrative procedure – Reasonable period of time.#Case T-229/24.

Judgment of the General Court (Second Chamber, Extended Composition) of 29 April 2026.#Hauptzollamt A v Scrap-Transporteur.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Taxation – Excise duties – Excise duty applied to manufactured tobacco – Smoking tobacco – Concept of ‘tobacco capable of being smoked without further industrial processing’ – Article 5(1)(a) of Directive 2011/64/UE – Scraps of raw tobacco, uncut but threshed and stripped, capable of being processed into water-pipe tobacco through a complex process carried out at home by the consumer.#Case T-194/25.

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Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#LQ and Others v Minister for Justice and Equality.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other part – Surrender of a person to the United Kingdom for the purpose of criminal prosecutions – Article 524(2) – Article 604(c) – Real risk to the protection of fundamental rights – Article 625 – Speciality rule – Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Right to an effective remedy.#Case C-528/24.

Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#Deutsche Lufthansa AG v European Commission.#Appeal – State aid – Article 107(3)(b) TFEU – German air transport market – Aid granted by Germany to an airline in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic – Temporary Framework for State aid measures – Recapitalisation of Deutsche Lufthansa AG – Decision by the Commission not to raise any objections – Aid intended to remedy a serious disturbance in the economy.#Case C-457/23 P.

Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#AL v European Commission.#Appeal – Civil service – Remuneration – Dependent child allowances – Article 2 of Annex VII to the Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union – Conditions for granting – Withdrawal of entitlement to the allowance – Recovery of overpayments under Article 85 of the Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union – Action for annulment – Article 91 of the Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union – Distortion – Assessment of the legality of an act at the date of its adoption – Retroactive scope of a judgment delivered by a national court – Res judicata.#Case C-882/24 P.

Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#P.W. v Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Credit agreements for consumers – Directive 2008/48/EC – Article 3(j) – Article 10(2)(f) – The concept of ‘borrowing rate’ – The concept of ‘amount of credit drawn down’ – Article 3(g) – The concept of ‘total cost of the credit to the consumer’ – Charging interest on an amount corresponding to the cost of the credit – Insurance premium.#Case C-744/24.

Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#HM and JD v AXA Bank Belgium SA and Others.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Unfair terms in consumer contracts concluded between a seller or supplier and a consumer – Directive 93/13/EEC – Article 2(c) – Concept of ‘seller or supplier’ – Article 6(1) – Effects of the finding that such a term is unfair – Invalidity of the contract – Article 7(1) – Deterrent effect of the prohibition on unfair terms – Loan agreement denominated in foreign currency – Contractual term placing the exchange rate risk on the consumer – Transfer of a contract among sellers or suppliers under national law – Seller or supplier against whom the consumer may assert the legal consequences of the invalidity of an unfair term in the transferred contract.#Case C-761/24.

Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#Ts. E. S. v Direktor na Teritorialno podelenie na Natsionalnia osiguritelen institut - Blagoevgrad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social security – Migrant workers – Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 – Unemployment benefits – Calculation – Article 62(1) and (2) – Last activity as an employed or self-employed person pursued under the legislation of a Member State – Article 62(3) – Residence of the recipient of unemployment benefits in a Member State other than the ‘competent Member State’ – Calculation rule which does not take into account ‘exclusively’ the salary or professional income received by the person concerned in respect of his or her last activity as an employed or self-employed person – National legislation providing for a different calculation rule for persons who carried out their last employment in another Member State.#Case C-116/25.

Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#M.M. Ristorazione Srl v Villa Ramazzini Srl.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Intellectual property – Directive 2004/48/EC – Enforcement of intellectual property rights – Article 9(5) – Provisional measures – Failure to institute proceedings leading to a decision on the merits of the case – National legislation providing for the continuation of the effects of provisional measures intended to anticipate the effects of a decision on the merits of the case.#Case C-132/25.

Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#Freie Hansestadt Bremen v DT.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Directive 2008/115/EC – Return of illegally staying third-country nationals – Article 11(2) – Entry ban – Duration – National legislation which requires, in principle, an indefinite ban on entry and stay in certain cases – Terrorist threat.#Case C-446/24.

Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#EG Labo Laboratoires Eurogenerics SAS and Theramex France SAS v Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé (ANSM) and Biogaran SAS.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Directive 2001/83/EC – Medicinal products for human use – Articles 28 and 29 – Decentralised procedure for marketing authorisation for a medicinal product – Article 10 – Generic medicinal product – Abridged procedure for granting a marketing authorisation – Biological medicinal product serving as reference medicinal product for a chemical medicinal product – Jurisdiction of the courts of the Member States concerned to determine whether there is a potential serious risk for public health – Jurisdiction of those courts to review the conditions for granting a marketing authorisation for a generic medicinal product.#Case C-118/24.

Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#YH v Widl GmbH.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery – Technical standards and regulations – Directive 98/37/EC – Machinery fitted with normal and emergency stopping devices – Essential health and safety requirements – Risks for the health and safety of individuals – Inadvertent or deliberate release of one of the stopping devices – Engagement of the emergency stop device – Appropriate operation to disengage the emergency stopping device.#Case C-887/24.

Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#Pescheria Il Granchio Blu di JC v Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – De minimis aid – Regulation (EU) No 1407/2013 – Regulation (EU) No 1408/2013 – Regulation (EU) No 717/2014 – Respective scopes – Regulation (EU) No 1379/2013 – Fishery and aquaculture sector – Common organisation of the markets – Undertakings operating in the production, processing and marketing of fishery products – Retail trade – National legislation providing for de minimis aid for undertakings located in zones affected by earthquakes.#Case C-811/24.

Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 23 April 2026.#Kempen Advies Beerse BV and Others v Bank Nagelmackers NV.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Directive 86/653/EEC – Article 15(2) – Article 19 – Self-employed commercial agents – Notice period – Date of expiry of the commercial agency contract.#Case C-204/25.

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Judgment of the General Court (First Chamber) of 22 April 2026.#Mariano Barranco Rodriguez and Pablo Barranco Schnitzler v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU trade mark – Invalidity proceedings – Application for the EU figurative mark G MOTION – Earlier EU figurative mark GM Germany Motions – Relative grounds for invalidity – No likelihood of confusion – Article 8(1)(b) and Article 60(1)(a) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 – No damage to reputation – Article 8(5) and Article 60(1)(a) of Regulation 2017/1001.#Case T-349/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Sixth Chamber) of 22 April 2026.#Crocs, Inc. v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#European Union design – Invalidity proceedings – Registered EU design representing a shoe – Ground for invalidity – Failure to comply with the requirements for protection – Article 25(1)(b) of Regulation (EC) No 6/2002 in the version prior to Regulation (EU) 2024/2822 – No individual character – Article 6 of Regulation No 6/2002.#Case T-228/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Fifth Chamber) of 22 April 2026.#Viktor Arkadievich Chevtsov v Council of the European Union.#Common foreign and security policy – Restrictive measures taken in view of the situation in Belarus and the involvement of Belarus in the Russian aggression against Ukraine – Freezing of funds – Restrictions on admission to the territory of the Member States – List of persons, entities and bodies subject to the freezing of funds and economic resources or to restrictions on admission to the territory of the Member States – Inclusion and maintenance of the applicant’s name on the list – Error of assessment.#Case T-528/24.

Judgment of the General Court (Second Chamber) of 22 April 2026.#Emmanouil Peponis v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU trade mark – Invalidity proceedings – EU figurative mark CRETE HOMES REAL ESTATE CRETE PROPERTY and CONSTRUCTION CONSULTANTS SINCE 1990 – Relative ground for refusal – Consent of the proprietor of the trade mark – Article 52(1)(b) of Regulation (EC) No 40/94 – Article 8(3) of Regulation No 40/94 – Obligation to state reasons – Article 94(1) and Article 95(1) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.#Case T-494/24.

Judgment of the General Court (First Chamber, Extended Composition) of 22 April 2026.#Red Bull GmbH and Others v European Commission.#Competition – Agreements, decisions and concerted practices – Abuse of dominant position – Energy drinks sector – Inspection ordered by the Commission – Article 20(4) Regulation No 1/2003 – Inspection continued at the Commission’s premises – Commission refusal to reimburse part of the costs resulting from that inspection – Concept of ‘additional costs incurred solely as a result of the continuation of an inspection at the Commission’s premises’.#Case T-682/24.

Judgment of the General Court (Second Chamber, Extended Composition) of 22 April 2026.#Mokoryte SRL v Direcţia Generală Regională a Finanţelor Publice Cluj-Napoca and Others.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Taxation – Common system of value added tax (VAT) – Taxable amount – Reduction in case of cancellation, refusal, non-payment or reduction of the price – Article 90(1) of Directive 2006/112/EC – Acquisition by a subcontractor of a claim held by a contractor against the developer – Irrecoverable claim – Right of the subcontractor to benefit from the reduction in the taxable amount.#Case T-233/25.

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Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 April 2026.#Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit and Others v Stichting Rookpreventie Jeugd.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Approximation of laws – Manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products and related products – Directive 2014/40/EU – Article 3(1) – Maximum emission levels for tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide – Article 4(1) – Measurement methods – Measurement of emission levels on the basis of the ISO standards referred to in Article 4(1) – Standards not published in the Official Journal of the European Union – Enforceability of those ISO standards – Article 2 TEU – Value of the rule of law – Requirement of free access to such standards.#Case C-155/24.

Judgment of the Court (Full Court) of 21 April 2026.#European Commission v Hungary.#Failure of a Member State to fulfil obligations – Article 258 TFEU – National legislation introducing restrictions in relation to deviation from the self-identity corresponding to the sex assigned at birth, gender reassignment, or homosexuality, with a view to protecting children – Directives 2000/31/EC, 2006/123/EC, 2010/13/EU – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Restrictions on sex education – Principle of non-discrimination – Values of the European Union as enshrined in Article 2 TEU – Reliance on a breach of those values in an action for failure to fulfil obligations – Articles 1, 7, 11 and 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Protection of personal data.#Case C-769/22.

Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#FB v European Lotto and Betting Ltd and Deutsche Lotto-und Sportwetten ltd.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Prim’Awla tal-Qorti Ċivili.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 56 TFEU – Freedom to provide services – Holder of a licence issued by a Member State authorising the organisation of online games of chance – Legislation of another Member State making the organisation of online games of chance subject to authorisation – Overriding reasons in the public interest – Online slot machines – Secondary lotteries – Recovery of lost stakes – Abuse of law.#Case C-440/23.

Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#NE and Others v An Coimisiún Pleanála, anciennement An Bord Pleanála and Others.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the High Court (Irlande).#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Environment – Directive 92/43/EEC – Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora – Article 12 – System of strict protection for certain animal species – Article 16 – Decision to grant a derogation in anticipation of a planning permission application for a project covered by Directive 2011/92/EU – Article 11 – Aarhus Convention – Article 9 – Procedural autonomy – Principles of equivalence and effectiveness – Derogation decision classified as an autonomous legal act – Procedural rules providing for a three-month period for seeking the annulment of a derogation licence.#Case C-58/24.

Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#TK and OP v Riksåklagaren.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Högsta domstolen.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Approximation of laws – Single market for financial services – Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 – Market abuse – Insider dealing – Article 7(1)(a) – Concept of ‘inside information’ – Criteria – Public information – Article 17 – Public disclosure of inside information by an issuer – Decision of a contracting authority not to award a public contract to a tenderer – Early sale of shares of that tenderer – Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1055 – Article 2 – Means for public disclosure of inside information.#Case C-229/24.

Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności Bank Polski S.A. v MS et MS.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Warszawie.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 93/13/EEC – Article 7(1) – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Effects of a term being found to be unfair – Invalidity of the loan agreement – Actions for restitution – Limitation period for the action brought by the seller or supplier – Circumstances that may justify disregarding the expiry of the limitation period – Principle of effectiveness – Principle of legal certainty – Principle of proportionality – Right of access to a court – Unjust enrichment.#Case C-753/24.

Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#mBank S.A. v TK and DJ et JJ.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Warszawie.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 93/13/EEC – Article 7(1) – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Effects of a term being found to be unfair – Invalidity of the contract – Actions for restitution – Limitation period for the action brought by the seller or supplier – Interruption of the limitation period – Acknowledgement by a consumer of his or her debt owed to a credit institution – Principle of effectiveness – Principle of legal certainty – Principle of proportionality – Right of access to a court – Unjust enrichment.#Case C-901/24.

Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#mBank S.A. v KŁ and JŁ.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Warszawie.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 93/13/EEC – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Effects of a term being found to be unfair – Invalidity of the loan agreement – Actions for restitution – Limitation period for the action brought by the seller or supplier – Interruption of the limitation period – Principle of effectiveness – Principle of legal certainty – Principle of proportionality – Right of access to a court – Unjust enrichment.#Case C-752/24.

Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#Sof Medica S.A. v Spitalul Clinic Judeţean de Urgenţă Cluj-Napoca.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Public procurement – Directive 2014/24/EU – Article 18 – Principles of procurement – Equal treatment and transparency – Article 42 – Technical specifications – Discretion of the contracting authority – Definition of need – Reference to a type or to a specific production – Situations in which such a reference must be accompanied by the words ‘or equivalent’.#Case C-568/24.

Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#American Express Europe SA and Others v International Card Services BV.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Payment services in the internal market – Regulation (EU) 2015/751 – Article 2(10) – Interchange fees for card-based payment transactions – Article 2(11) – Net compensation – Article 4 – Cap on the amount of those fees – Article 5 – Prohibition of circumvention – Remuneration received by a co-branding partner from a three party payment card scheme – Application of that cap to that remuneration – Deduction of the value of the services provided by the co-branding partner.#Case C-549/23.

Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#Nitrogénművek Vegyipari Zrt. v Nemzeti Adó- és Vámhivatal Fellebbviteli Igazgatósága.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Veszprémi Törvényszék.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Environment – Air pollution – System for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading – Directive 2003/87/EC – Transitional rules for harmonised free allocation – Article 10a – National legislation imposing a tax on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on operators receiving a significant quantity of allowances allocated free of charge.#Case C-519/24.

Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#Electricity & Water Authority of the Government of Bahrain and Others v Prysmian Netherlands BV and Others.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Gerechtshof Amsterdam.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters – Jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Special jurisdiction – Article 8(1) – Multiple defendants – Claims so closely connected that there is an interest in hearing and determining them together – Concept of ‘so closely connected’ – Concept of ‘anchor defendant’ – Infringement of Article 101 TFEU – Directive 2014/104/EU – Compensation for damage caused by a cartel – Concept of an undertaking – Liability of the parent company and a subsidiary – Commission decision – Decision of a national competition authority – Damage occurring outside the European Economic Area (EEA).#Case C-672/23.

Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#Jean-Marc Colombani v European External Action Service.#Appeal – Civil Service – Officials – Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union – Article 24 – Request for assistance – Article 12a – Concept of ‘psychological harassment’ – Passive or collective harassment – Rejection of a request for assistance – Action for annulment and for compensation.#Case C-343/23 P.

Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#X and Others v Commissaire général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Conseil du Contentieux des Étrangers.#References for a preliminary ruling – Border controls, asylum and immigration – Directive 2013/32/EU – Common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection – Application for international protection – Article 43 – Border procedure – Classification of a procedure conducted in a place of detention located geographically in the territory of a Member State, but treated by national law as a place at the border – Right to enter the territory of that Member State after a period of four weeks – Article 31(7) – Priority examination of an application for international protection – Directive 2013/33/EU – Standards for the reception of applicants for international protection – Article 8 – Detention in the same place on the basis of two different decisions.#Joined Cases C-50/24 to C-55/24.

Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#Stichting Onderhandelingen Thuiskopie vergoeding and Stichting de Thuiskopie v HP Nederland BV and Others.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Approximation of laws – Intellectual property – Copyright and related rights – Directive 2001/29/EC – Article 2 – Reproduction right – Article 3(1) – Right of communication to the public of works – Art. 5(2)(b) – ‘Private copying’ exception – Fair compensation – Paid streaming service – Offline streaming copy – Article 5(5).#Case C-496/24.

Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany.#Case C-642/24.

Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#HG v European Commission.#Case C-899/24 P.

Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 16 April 2026.#Constantin Mincu Pătrașcu Brâncuși v European Public Prosecutor’s Office.#Appeal – Institutional law – Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 – European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) – Article 42(1) – Procedural acts of the EPPO intended to produce legal effects vis-à-vis third parties – Judicial review carried out by the national courts – Plea of illegality – Admissibility – Exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union to review the legality of EU acts – Article 86(2) and (3) TFEU – Exercise of the functions of prosecutor in the national courts – Power of the EU legislature to determine the rules applicable to the judicial review of procedural acts of the EPPO – Derogation not authorised in Article 263 TFEU – None – Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Right to effective judicial protection – Infringement – None – Lack of jurisdiction of the General Court.#Case C-328/24 P.

Judgment of the General Court (Sixth Chamber) of 15 April 2026.#Vitabalans Oy v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU trade mark – Opposition proceedings – Application for EU word mark Ibumax-Lysin – Earlier Polish word mark ibum – Relative ground for refusal – Likelihood of confusion – Article 8(1)(b) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.#Case T-410/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Tenth Chamber) of 15 April 2026.#Stowarzyszenie Edukacja, Nauka, Kultura v European Research Executive Agency.#Arbitration clause – Research and technological development – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020) – Grant agreement – TICASS project – Final audit report – Costs relating to seconded staff members – Ineligible costs – Letter confirming the recovery of part of the sums paid under the grant agreement – Debit note – Reclassification of the action – Recovery of sums paid – Legitimate expectations – Counterclaim.#Case T-479/24.

Judgment of the General Court (Second Chamber) of 15 April 2026.#Independent Farmers Organisation of Ireland Ltd v European Commission.#Agriculture – Protected geographical indications – Registration of the name ‘Irish Grass Fed Beef’ – Opposition procedure – New scrutiny by the Commission following substantial amendments of the details published for the purposes of opposition – Right to be heard – Principle of good administration – Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 – Plea of illegality.#Case T-62/24.

Judgment of the General Court (Ninth Chamber) of 15 April 2026.#PS v European External Action Service.#Civil service – Members of the contract staff – Change of place of employment – Conduct of the administration – Failure to comply with formal requirements – Partial inadmissibility – Liability.#Case T-594/23.

Judgment of the General Court (Seventh Chamber) of 15 April 2026.#Ionfarma, SL v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU trade mark – Opposition proceedings – Application for EU word mark Serosan – Prior national word mark CLENOSAN – Relative ground for refusal – No likelihood of confusion – Article 8(1)(b) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.#Case T-476/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Eighth Chamber) of 15 April 2026.#Instanta sp. z o.o. v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU trade mark – Opposition proceedings – Application for the EU word mark LEONHART – Earlier national figurative mark EL LEON – Relative ground for refusal – No likelihood of confusion – Article 8(1)(b) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.#Case T-461/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Chamber giving preliminary rulings) of 15 April 2026.#A-GmbH v Hauptzollamt C.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesfinanzhof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Customs Union – Customs Code – Outward processing procedure – Authorisation – Fifth indent of Article 84(1)(b) and Article 85 of Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 – Article 211(1)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 – Placement for export at a customs office not designated in the authorisation and situated in a Member State other than that which granted the authorisation – Customs debt incurred through non-compliance – Relief – Article 86(6) of Regulation No 952/2013 – Customs debt incurred pursuant to Article 77(1)(a) of Regulation No 952/2013.#Case T-589/24.

Judgment of the General Court (Second Chamber, Extended Composition) of 15 April 2026.#A.K. and „Tabako lapai“ UAB v Lietuvos Respublikos generalinė prokuratūra.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Taxation – Excise duties – Excise duty applied to manufactured tobacco – Article 5(1) of Directive 2011/64/EU – Interpretation of the concept of ‘smoking tobacco’ – Consideration of the provisions of the combined nomenclature and explanatory notes – Validity – Legal certainty – Principle that offences and penalties must be defined by law.#Case T-190/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Fifth Chamber) of 15 April 2026.#Laboratorios ACPG, SA v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#Case T-52/25.

Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 April 2026.#TJ v Comunidad de Madrid.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Supremo.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Directive 1999/70/EC – Framework agreement on fixed-term work concluded by ETUC, UNICE and CEEP – Fixed-term employment contracts in the public sector – Clause 5 – Measures to prevent and penalise the abuse of successive fixed-term employment contracts or relationships – Conversion of successive fixed-term contracts into a contract of indefinite duration – National legislation not permitting such conversion, but laying down other measures to prevent and penalise such abuse – Effective, dissuasive and proportionate penalty measures.#Case C-418/24.

Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 April 2026.#CG and YN v Pelham GmbH and Others.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Copyright and related rights – Directive 2001/29/EC – Information society – Harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights – Article 2 – Reproduction right – Article 5 – Exceptions and limitations – Article 5(3)(k) – Concept of ‘pastiche’ – Use ‘for the purpose of’ pastiche – Reproduction of parts of a phonogram (sampling) – Fundamental rights – Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Article 11 – Freedom of expression – Article 13 – Freedom of the arts – Article 17 – Right to property.#Case C-590/23.

Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#UD, VO, GT et KJ, en leur nom propre et en tant qu’associés de la Società Agricola UD e co. and Others v Agenzia Veneta per i pagamenti (AVEPA).#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Agriculture – Milk and milk products – Regulation (EC) No 595/2004 – Deliveries made to non-approved purchasers – Article 24(1) – Concept of ‘penalty’ – Additional levy payable by the producer – Levy calculated on the basis of the total quantity of the product delivered – Proportionality – Rights of the defence and right to an effective remedy.#Case C-294/25.

Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#Proceedings brought by FP and LD.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour d'appel de Bruxelles.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Judicial cooperation in criminal matters – Article 82(2) TFEU – EU legislative competence – Directive 2012/29/EU – Minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime – Article 2(1)(a) – Concept of ‘victim’ – Extraterritorial jurisdiction of the criminal courts of a Member State – Inapplicability of that directive.#Case C-239/24.

Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#Fauré Le Page Maroquinier SAS and Fauré Le Page Paris SAS v Goyard ST-Honoré SAS.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour de cassation.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Trade marks – Directive 2008/95/EC – Article 3(1)(g) – Grounds for refusal of registration or invalidity of a trade mark – Trade mark of such a nature as to deceive the public – Luxury leather goods – Trade mark which includes a number perceived by the relevant public as indicating the year of establishment of a business – Evocation, because that year is the distant past, of long-standing know-how bestowing on the product concerned a perceived guarantee of quality and a prestigious image – Misleading indication as to the characteristics of the product.#Case C-412/24.

Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#G GmbH v Hauptzollamt H.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesfinanzhof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Customs union – Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 – Community Customs Code – Import and export procedures – Determining the customs value – Article 32(1)(a)(ii) and (b)(iv) – Adjustment depending on costs incurred by the buyer – Costs arising from intangible services for the design of templates for labels affixed on food cans – Concept of ‘container’ – Intangible services within the European Union.#Case C-307/23.

Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#XK and Others v SM.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 650/2012 – Articles 1, 3 and 4 – Scope – Concept of ‘succession’ – Statutory legacy conferred for services provided by a carer for the deceased during the latter’s lifetime – General jurisdiction of a court of a Member State to rule on the succession as a whole.#Case C-618/24.

Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#Bundesverband der Verbraucherzentralen und Verbraucherverbände - Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband e.V. v JZ.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 98/6/EC – Indication of the prices of products – Article 2(a) – Concept of ‘selling price’ – Online sales – Flat-rate processing costs for a total order with a value below a minimum amount – Exclusion of those costs from the selling price of the product concerned.#Case C-62/25.

Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#Fremoluc NV and Association de Promotion des Droits Humains et des Minorités ASBL v Vlaamse Regering.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Grondwettelijk Hof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – State aid – Concept of ‘aid scheme’ – Further implementing measures – National legislation providing for the adoption of aid schemes aimed at enabling the purchase of immovable property – Implementation of that legislation by municipal regulations.#Case C-58/25.

Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#HG v Minister van Asiel en Migratie.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats Roermond.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals – Directive 2008/115/EC – Revocation of subsidiary protection status – Public order – Principle of non-refoulement – Possibility of adopting a return decision.#Case C-202/25.

Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#Freistaat Bayern v Euroherc osiguranje d.d.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Visoki trgovački sud Republike Hrvatske.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social security – Coordination of social security systems – Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 – Article 1(q)(iv) – Concept of ‘competent institution’ – Employer – Article 3(1)(a) – Concept of ‘sickness benefits’ – Continued remuneration in respect of temporary incapacity for work – Article 85(1) – Benefits payable under the legislation of a Member State for injury sustained in the territory of another Member State – Employer’s right of action against a liable third party – Rights of the injured party – Subrogation – Limits.#Case C-357/24.

Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#JD v Ministerul Agriculturii şi Dezvoltării Rurale – Agenţia de Plăţi şi Intervenţie pentru Agricultură Centrul Judeţean Bistriţa-Năsăud.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Curtea de Apel Cluj.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Agriculture – Common agricultural policy – European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) – Single area payment scheme – Regulation (EU) No 1307/2013 – Article 32(2) and (4) – Eligible hectare – Article 36(5) – Hectares at the farmer’s disposal – National legislation requiring the production of a lease agreement relating to the agricultural area – Annulment with retroactive effect of that agreement on account of an irregularity in the award procedure which cannot be attributed to that farmer – Regulation (EU) No 1306/2013 – Article 63(1) – Eligibility of the application.#Case C-434/24.

Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#LF v Sanofi Pasteur SA.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour d'appel de Rouen.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Approximation of laws – Liability for defective products – Directive 85/374/EEC – Article 13 – Relationship with the fault-based liability system – Fault by the producer linked to the defective nature of the product – Article 10 – Starting point of the three-year limitation period in the case of damage consisting in a progressive illness – Concept of ‘becoming aware of the damage’ – Article 11 – Extinguishment of the rights of the injured person – Validity – Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Right of access to a court.#Case C-338/24.

Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#Dmitry Alexandrovich Pumpyanskiy and Others v Council of the European Union.#Appeal – Restrictive measures taken in view of the military aggression against Ukraine – Decision 2014/145/CFSP – Article 1(1)(e) and Article 2(1)(g) – Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 – Article 3(1)(g) – Freezing of funds and economic resources – Concept of ‘leading businesspersons involved in economic sectors providing a substantial source of revenue to the Government of the Russian Federation’ – Plea of illegality – Articles 7, 16, 17 and 47 and Article 52(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Right to respect for private and family life, freedom to conduct a business, right to property and right to an effective judicial remedy – Limitations – Principles of legality and proportionality – Principle of equal treatment.#Joined Cases C-696/23 P, C-704/23 P, C-711/23 P, C-35/24 P and C-111/24 P.

Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#UC v Council of the European Union.#Case C-455/24 P.

Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 26 March 2026.#Madame X et Monsieur Y, agissant en leur nom propre et en leur qualité de représentants légaux de A, B, C et D v État belge.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal de première instance francophone de Bruxelles.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Urgent preliminary ruling procedure – Border controls, asylum and immigration – Immigration policy – Directive 2003/86/EC – Right to family reunification – Article 13(1) – Obligation to grant every facility for obtaining visas – Visas granted subject to the suspensive condition of the recipients’ appearance in person for verification of their identities and of the authenticity of the documents submitted – Recipients unable to travel to a diplomatic or consular post of the Member State that granted the visas – Obligation for a Member State to ensure that such travel takes place or to facilitate such travel – None.#Case C-819/25 PPU.

Judgment of the General Court (Ninth Chamber, Extended Composition) of 25 March 2026.#Air Canada v European Commission.#Non-contractual liability – Competition – Agreements, decisions and concerted practices – Market for airfreight – Reduction of the fine by the General Court – Refusal of the Commission to pay interest on the overpayment – Limitation period – Starting point of the limitation period – Interruption – Admissibility – Concept of ‘interest’ – Rate applicable.#Case T-310/21.

Judgment of the General Court (Ninth Chamber, Extended Composition) of 25 March 2026.#SAS Cargo Group A/S and Others v European Commission.#Non-contractual liability – Competition – Agreements, decisions and concerted practices – Market for airfreight – Reduction of the fine by the General Court – Refusal of the Commission to pay interest on the overpayment – Limitation period – Starting point of the limitation period – Interruption – Admissibility – Concept of ‘interest’ – Rate applicable.#Case T-313/21.

Judgment of the General Court (Ninth Chamber) of 25 March 2026.#ClientEarth AISBL v European Commission.#Access to documents – Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 – Documents concerning the active substances mancozeb and cypermethrin – Individual positions of the Member States in the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed – Partial refusal of access – Article 4(2) and (3) of Regulation No 1049/2001 – Exception relating to the protection of the decision-making process – Exception relating to the protection of court proceedings – Overriding public interest.#Case T-359/21.

Judgment of the General Court (Fifth Chamber) of 25 March 2026.#ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#EU trade mark – Application for EU word mark NAVIGATE – Absolute ground for refusal – Descriptive character – Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.#Case T-471/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Tenth Chamber) of 25 March 2026.#DP and DQ v European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority.#Action for damages – Non-contractual liability of the European Union – Origin of the dispute – Limitation period – Admissibility – Article 339 TFEU – Obligation to state reasons – Principle of good administration – Article 41 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights.#Case T-183/24.

Judgment of the General Court (Fifth Chamber, Extended Composition) of 25 March 2026.#TUI Belgium NV and Others v Belgische Staat.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hof van Cassatie.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Taxation – Common system of VAT – Transactions subject to VAT – Supply of services for consideration – Exemptions – Standstill clause – Right of Member States to retain certain taxes during a transitional period – Article 28(3)(a) and (4) of Sixth Directive 77/388/EEC and Article 370 of Directive 2006/112/EC – Supply of services by travel agents in relation to travel outside the European Union – Annex E(15) to Sixth Directive 77/388 and Annex X, Part A, point (4), to Directive 2006/112 – Subsequent amendment of the national legislation – No express derogation from the exemption.#Case T-221/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Fifth Chamber, Extended Composition) of 25 March 2026.#Direktor na TD Mitnitsa Burgas v Lidikar OOD.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Varhoven administrativen sad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Customs union – Union Customs Code – Import and export procedures – Importation of goods from Canada – Method of determining the customs value – Declared export price of the goods communicated by the Canadian authorities under an international customs cooperation agreement – Concept of ‘data available in the customs territory of the Union’ – Reasonable means – Article 74(3) of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 – Residual or ‘fall-back’ method – Article 144 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447.#Case T-296/25.

Judgment of the General Court (First Chamber) of 25 March 2026.#Implementing Technologies, SL v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#Case T-544/24.

Judgment of the General Court (First Chamber) of 25 March 2026.#Implementing Technologies, SL v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#Case T-545/24.

Judgment of the General Court (Sixth Chamber) of 25 March 2026.#Team Beverage AG v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#Case T-17/25.

Judgment of the General Court (Seventh Chamber) of 25 March 2026.#Raquel Maresma Bernal v European Union Intellectual Property Office.#Case T-411/25.

Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 24 March 2026.#A. M. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 267 TFEU – Scope of the obligation on national courts or tribunals of last instance to make a reference for a preliminary ruling – Exceptions to that obligation – Obligation to state reasons for the concrete application of those exceptions – National legislation conferring on the national court or tribunal of last instance the power to dismiss actions by means of a summary statement of reasons – Conditions required to reason a refusal to make a reference for a preliminary ruling.#Case C-767/23.