Expenditure on pensions as percentage of GDP

In 2023, the EU-27 figure for expenditure on pensions as percentage of GDP was 12.3 .

That is a 0.7% rose versus 2022 (12.2).

Over the five years before that, the EU-27 aggregate moved 2.4% lower.

Across member states, Italy reported the highest value (15.5, 2023) and Ireland the lowest (4.24, 2023) — a ratio of 3.7× between the two ends of the range.

The figures below come from Eurostat dataset tps00103; every value links back to the canonical source.