Inability to keep home adequately warm

In 2025, Spain's inability to keep home adequately warm decreased by 9.1% compared to 2024, reaching 15.9%.

The figure is above the EU-27 average of 8.8%.

Spain ranks 4th out of 27 EU member states with reported data — in the top half of the distribution.

Over the past five years, the indicator has grown by 45.9% (from 10.9% in 2020).

Source: Eurostat dataset ilc_mdes01, accessed via the eupublicdata pipeline.