EU-27 SNAPSHOT · 2021 · rd_p_persocc

R&D personnel by sector of performance, professional position and sex — 2021

Eurostat rd_p_persocc — R&D personnel by sector of performance, professional position and sex. Data range: 1980 to 2024.

Member-state ranking · 2021

• #1 Germany DE 24.3% 753,940
• #2 France FR 16.0% 496,250
• #3 Italy IT 10.7% 333,103
• #4 Spain ES 8.0% 249,474
• #5 Poland PL 6.0% 185,313
• #6 Netherlands NL 5.6% 173,667
• #7 Belgium BE 3.8% 119,165
• #8 Sweden SE 3.7% 115,940
• #9 Austria AT 2.8% 87,459
• #10 Czechia CZ 2.7% 84,671
• #11 Portugal PT 2.2% 69,769
• #12 Denmark DK 2.0% 62,169
• #13 Greece EL 2.0% 61,702
• #14 Hungary HU 2.0% 61,149
• #15 Finland FI 1.8% 56,488
• #16 Ireland IE 1.2% 38,444
• #17 Romania RO 1.1% 34,270
• #18 Bulgaria BG 0.8% 25,122
• #19 Slovakia SK 0.7% 22,358
• #20 Slovenia SI 0.6% 17,396
• #21 Croatia HR 0.5% 16,528
• #22 Lithuania LT 0.5% 14,918
• #23 Latvia LV 0.2% 7,066
• #24 Estonia EE 0.2% 6,783
• #25 Luxembourg LU 0.2% 5,689
• #26 Cyprus CY 0.1% 2,249
• #27 Malta MT 0.1% 1,899