tesem060 · 2009–2025

Gender employment gap

Eurostat tesem060 — Gender employment gap. Data range: 2005 to 2025.

At a glance

In 2025, the EU-27 figure for gender employment gap was 19.2 .

That is a 4.0% fell versus 2024 (20.0).

Over the five years before that, the EU-27 aggregate moved 12.7% lower.

Across member states, Italy reported the highest value (38.2, 2025) and Estonia the lowest (1.00, 2025) — a ratio of 38.2× between the two ends of the range.

The figures below come from Eurostat dataset tesem060; every value links back to the canonical source.

EU-27 · 2025
19.2
HIGHEST · 2025
Italy
38.2
LOWEST · 2025
Estonia
1.00

Map · 2025

Finland: 2.6 FI 2.6 Sweden: 7.8 SE 7.8 Denmark: 12.4 DK 12.4 Estonia: 1.0 EE 1.0 Ireland: 18.0 IE 18.0 Netherlands: 15.2 NL 15.2 Germany: 13.6 DE 13.6 Poland: 22.6 PL 22.6 Latvia: 3.8 LV 3.8 Belgium: 14.2 BE 14.2 Luxembourg: 13.6 LU 13.6 Czechia: 21.4 CZ 21.4 Slovakia: 17.4 SK 17.4 Lithuania: 2.8 LT 2.8 France: 11.2 FR 11.2 Austria: 13.6 AT 13.6 Hungary: 16.2 HU 16.2 Romania: 37.4 RO 37.4 Portugal: 10.8 PT 10.8 Spain: 19.0 ES 19.0 Italy: 38.2 IT 38.2 Slovenia: 9.8 SI 9.8 Bulgaria: 14.8 BG 14.8 Cyprus: 20.2 CY 20.2 Malta: 24.8 MT 24.8 Croatia: 10.0 HR 10.0 Greece: 34.8 EL 34.8
1.0 38.2

Ranking · 2025

Italy IT 38.2 Romania RO 37.4 Greece EL 34.8 Malta MT 24.8 Poland PL 22.6 Czechia CZ 21.4 Cyprus CY 20.2 European Union (27) EU 19.2 Spain ES 19 Ireland IE 18 Slovakia SK 17.4 Hungary HU 16.2 Netherlands NL 15.2 Bulgaria BG 14.8 Belgium BE 14.2 Austria AT 13.6 Germany DE 13.6 Luxembourg LU 13.6 Denmark DK 12.4 France FR 11.2 Portugal PT 10.8 Croatia HR 10 Slovenia SI 9.8 Sweden SE 7.8 Latvia LV 3.8 Lithuania LT 2.8 Finland FI 2.6 Estonia EE 1
2025 ranking · 28 countries

Time series · top 12 countries + EU-27

9.49 26.8 44.1 61.4 78.71 2009 2011 2014 2016 2018 2020 2023 2025 Italy Romania Greece Malta Poland Czechia Cyprus Spain Ireland Slovakia Hungary Netherlands European Union (27) Gender employment gap (value) IT RO EL MT PL CZ CY EU27_2020 ES IE SK HU NL
  • Italy 38.2
  • Romania 37.4
  • Greece 34.8
  • Malta 24.8
  • Poland 22.6
  • Czechia 21.4
  • Cyprus 20.2
  • Spain 19
  • Ireland 18
  • Slovakia 17.4
  • Hungary 16.2
  • Netherlands 15.2
  • European Union (27) 19.2

Country × year heatmap · all values

20052007200920112013201520172019202120232025 Austria AT Austria · 2009: 21.0 Austria · 2010: 20.4 Austria · 2011: 20.0 Austria · 2012: 19.4 Austria · 2013: 18.2 Austria · 2014: 16.4 Austria · 2015: 16.4 Austria · 2016: 15.6 Austria · 2017: 16.0 Austria · 2018: 18.0 Austria · 2019: 17.6 Austria · 2020: 16.8 Austria · 2021: 17.2 Austria · 2022: 15.6 Austria · 2023: 15.6 Austria · 2024: 13.8 Austria · 2025: 13.6 Belgium BE Belgium · 2009: 24.4 Belgium · 2010: 23.8 Belgium · 2011: 23.0 Belgium · 2012: 22.0 Belgium · 2013: 20.4 Belgium · 2014: 17.4 Belgium · 2015: 16.6 Belgium · 2016: 18.6 Belgium · 2017: 19.6 Belgium · 2018: 16.8 Belgium · 2019: 16.0 Belgium · 2020: 16.2 Belgium · 2021: 15.4 Belgium · 2022: 15.2 Belgium · 2023: 15.2 Belgium · 2024: 16.0 Belgium · 2025: 14.2 Bulgaria BG Bulgaria · 2009: 18.6 Bulgaria · 2010: 15.0 Bulgaria · 2011: 11.6 Bulgaria · 2012: 10.4 Bulgaria · 2013: 10.8 Bulgaria · 2014: 11.6 Bulgaria · 2015: 12.6 Bulgaria · 2016: 13.6 Bulgaria · 2017: 15.2 Bulgaria · 2018: 15.4 Bulgaria · 2019: 16.2 Bulgaria · 2020: 16.6 Bulgaria · 2021: 16.8 Bulgaria · 2022: 15.0 Bulgaria · 2023: 14.6 Bulgaria · 2024: 14.4 Bulgaria · 2025: 14.8 Croatia HR Croatia · 2009: 25.4 Croatia · 2010: 23.6 Croatia · 2011: 25.6 Croatia · 2012: 22.0 Croatia · 2013: 17.6 Croatia · 2014: 20.0 Croatia · 2015: 19.0 Croatia · 2016: 19.4 Croatia · 2017: 21.0 Croatia · 2018: 21.0 Croatia · 2019: 21.0 Croatia · 2020: 22.4 Croatia · 2021: 20.8 Croatia · 2022: 18.8 Croatia · 2023: 15.4 Croatia · 2024: 11.8 Croatia · 2025: 10.0 Cyprus CY Cyprus · 2009: 29.0 Cyprus · 2010: 25.8 Cyprus · 2011: 23.8 Cyprus · 2012: 22.6 Cyprus · 2013: 20.8 Cyprus · 2014: 15.4 Cyprus · 2015: 16.6 Cyprus · 2016: 19.4 Cyprus · 2017: 19.0 Cyprus · 2018: 20.8 Cyprus · 2019: 21.2 Cyprus · 2020: 23.2 Cyprus · 2021: 23.0 Cyprus · 2022: 21.8 Cyprus · 2023: 18.0 Cyprus · 2024: 20.0 Cyprus · 2025: 20.2 Czechia CZ Czechia · 2009: 37.6 Czechia · 2010: 37.4 Czechia · 2011: 36.4 Czechia · 2012: 35.4 Czechia · 2013: 34.4 Czechia · 2014: 35.0 Czechia · 2015: 33.2 Czechia · 2016: 32.0 Czechia · 2017: 31.6 Czechia · 2018: 30.4 Czechia · 2019: 30.0 Czechia · 2020: 30.6 Czechia · 2021: 30.8 Czechia · 2022: 29.8 Czechia · 2023: 27.8 Czechia · 2024: 25.2 Czechia · 2025: 21.4 Denmark DK Denmark · 2009: 12.0 Denmark · 2010: 11.4 Denmark · 2011: 13.8 Denmark · 2012: 12.8 Denmark · 2013: 12.6 Denmark · 2014: 14.8 Denmark · 2015: 15.6 Denmark · 2016: 13.8 Denmark · 2017: 13.4 Denmark · 2018: 14.0 Denmark · 2019: 14.4 Denmark · 2020: 14.0 Denmark · 2021: 13.8 Denmark · 2022: 10.8 Denmark · 2023: 11.2 Denmark · 2024: 13.0 Denmark · 2025: 12.4 Estonia EE Estonia · 2009: 2.2 Estonia · 2010: 1.0 Estonia · 2011: 9.8 Estonia · 2012: 8.2 Estonia · 2013: 10.4 Estonia · 2014: 13.0 Estonia · 2015: 12.6 Estonia · 2016: 13.6 Estonia · 2017: 9.8 Estonia · 2018: 12.0 Estonia · 2019: 12.0 Estonia · 2020: 8.8 Estonia · 2021: 7.4 Estonia · 2022: 5.8 Estonia · 2023: 4.8 Estonia · 2024: 3.4 Estonia · 2025: 1.0 Finland FI Finland · 2009: 4.4 Finland · 2010: 6.2 Finland · 2011: 7.8 Finland · 2012: 6.6 Finland · 2013: 5.8 Finland · 2014: 4.0 Finland · 2015: 4.2 Finland · 2016: 6.4 Finland · 2017: 7.6 Finland · 2018: 7.6 Finland · 2019: 6.6 Finland · 2020: 6.6 Finland · 2021: 4.0 Finland · 2022: 2.4 Finland · 2023: 0.4 Finland · 2024: 1.4 Finland · 2025: 2.6 France FR France · 2005: 20.4 France · 2006: 19.4 France · 2007: 17.6 France · 2008: 17.4 France · 2009: 16.0 France · 2010: 15.8 France · 2011: 16.2 France · 2012: 15.2 France · 2013: 13.8 France · 2014: 12.2 France · 2015: 11.8 France · 2016: 12.2 France · 2017: 13.2 France · 2018: 12.8 France · 2019: 11.8 France · 2020: 11.4 France · 2021: 12.4 France · 2022: 11.6 France · 2023: 11.0 France · 2024: 11.8 France · 2025: 11.2 Germany DE Germany · 2009: 21.4 Germany · 2010: 21.0 Germany · 2011: 20.6 Germany · 2012: 20.6 Germany · 2013: 19.0 Germany · 2014: 18.0 Germany · 2015: 17.0 Germany · 2016: 16.0 Germany · 2017: 15.6 Germany · 2018: 15.6 Germany · 2019: 15.8 Germany · 2020: 14.8 Germany · 2021: 14.6 Germany · 2022: 15.0 Germany · 2023: 14.8 Germany · 2024: 14.2 Germany · 2025: 13.6 Greece EL Greece · 2009: 52.4 Greece · 2010: 49.6 Greece · 2011: 45.4 Greece · 2012: 40.2 Greece · 2013: 39.0 Greece · 2014: 37.6 Greece · 2015: 37.2 Greece · 2016: 39.0 Greece · 2017: 40.4 Greece · 2018: 43.2 Greece · 2019: 41.4 Greece · 2020: 38.8 Greece · 2021: 39.6 Greece · 2022: 42.0 Greece · 2023: 39.6 Greece · 2024: 37.6 Greece · 2025: 34.8 Hungary HU Hungary · 2009: 15.8 Hungary · 2010: 13.2 Hungary · 2011: 14.6 Hungary · 2012: 13.8 Hungary · 2013: 16.2 Hungary · 2014: 18.8 Hungary · 2015: 19.2 Hungary · 2016: 19.4 Hungary · 2017: 22.2 Hungary · 2018: 21.6 Hungary · 2019: 22.2 Hungary · 2020: 22.4 Hungary · 2021: 21.2 Hungary · 2022: 19.6 Hungary · 2023: 18.2 Hungary · 2024: 15.8 Hungary · 2025: 16.2 Ireland IE Ireland · 2009: 20.8 Ireland · 2010: 18.0 Ireland · 2011: 17.8 Ireland · 2012: 17.2 Ireland · 2013: 21.2 Ireland · 2014: 23.6 Ireland · 2015: 24.8 Ireland · 2016: 24.4 Ireland · 2017: 24.4 Ireland · 2018: 24.6 Ireland · 2019: 25.0 Ireland · 2020: 25.4 Ireland · 2021: 20.2 Ireland · 2022: 22.8 Ireland · 2023: 19.8 Ireland · 2024: 18.6 Ireland · 2025: 18.0 Italy IT Italy · 2009: 46.8 Italy · 2010: 45.4 Italy · 2011: 44.2 Italy · 2012: 41.0 Italy · 2013: 38.4 Italy · 2014: 37.8 Italy · 2015: 39.4 Italy · 2016: 39.8 Italy · 2017: 39.4 Italy · 2018: 39.4 Italy · 2019: 38.8 Italy · 2020: 39.4 Italy · 2021: 38.4 Italy · 2022: 39.4 Italy · 2023: 39.0 Italy · 2024: 38.8 Italy · 2025: 38.2 Latvia LV Latvia · 2009: 0.4 Latvia · 2011: 4.0 Latvia · 2012: 7.2 Latvia · 2013: 8.4 Latvia · 2014: 9.0 Latvia · 2015: 8.2 Latvia · 2016: 5.6 Latvia · 2017: 8.6 Latvia · 2018: 8.6 Latvia · 2019: 7.4 Latvia · 2020: 7.4 Latvia · 2021: 9.6 Latvia · 2022: 6.2 Latvia · 2023: 6.2 Latvia · 2024: 6.6 Latvia · 2025: 3.8 Lithuania LT Lithuania · 2011: 1.2 Lithuania · 2012: 2.4 Lithuania · 2013: 5.2 Lithuania · 2014: 5.0 Lithuania · 2015: 4.8 Lithuania · 2016: 3.8 Lithuania · 2017: 2.0 Lithuania · 2018: 4.6 Lithuania · 2019: 3.2 Lithuania · 2020: 3.4 Lithuania · 2021: 2.8 Lithuania · 2022: 1.6 Lithuania · 2023: 3.0 Lithuania · 2024: 2.8 Luxembourg LU Luxembourg · 2009: 35.0 Luxembourg · 2010: 34.4 Luxembourg · 2011: 32.4 Luxembourg · 2012: 28.8 Luxembourg · 2013: 28.2 Luxembourg · 2014: 25.8 Luxembourg · 2015: 23.4 Luxembourg · 2016: 22.0 Luxembourg · 2017: 15.8 Luxembourg · 2018: 16.0 Luxembourg · 2019: 18.2 Luxembourg · 2020: 14.2 Luxembourg · 2021: 14.8 Luxembourg · 2022: 13.0 Luxembourg · 2023: 13.6 Luxembourg · 2024: 11.0 Luxembourg · 2025: 13.6 Malta MT Malta · 2009: 75.0 Malta · 2010: 73.2 Malta · 2011: 70.4 Malta · 2012: 62.8 Malta · 2013: 57.2 Malta · 2014: 53.6 Malta · 2015: 53.6 Malta · 2016: 51.0 Malta · 2017: 48.2 Malta · 2018: 44.6 Malta · 2019: 44.0 Malta · 2020: 37.8 Malta · 2021: 35.2 Malta · 2022: 26.6 Malta · 2023: 28.2 Malta · 2024: 27.2 Malta · 2025: 24.8 Netherlands NL Netherlands · 2009: 26.6 Netherlands · 2010: 24.2 Netherlands · 2011: 22.8 Netherlands · 2012: 21.6 Netherlands · 2013: 19.8 Netherlands · 2014: 21.8 Netherlands · 2015: 21.2 Netherlands · 2016: 21.0 Netherlands · 2017: 19.8 Netherlands · 2018: 19.2 Netherlands · 2019: 17.8 Netherlands · 2020: 16.8 Netherlands · 2021: 16.4 Netherlands · 2022: 15.8 Netherlands · 2023: 15.6 Netherlands · 2024: 15.2 Netherlands · 2025: 15.2 Poland PL Poland · 2009: 28.6 Poland · 2010: 26.4 Poland · 2011: 27.0 Poland · 2012: 27.0 Poland · 2013: 27.4 Poland · 2014: 27.2 Poland · 2015: 26.0 Poland · 2016: 26.8 Poland · 2017: 28.0 Poland · 2018: 27.6 Poland · 2019: 29.2 Poland · 2020: 29.6 Poland · 2021: 27.8 Poland · 2022: 25.8 Poland · 2023: 23.6 Poland · 2024: 23.2 Poland · 2025: 22.6 Portugal PT Portugal · 2009: 21.6 Portugal · 2010: 19.8 Portugal · 2011: 17.8 Portugal · 2012: 13.4 Portugal · 2013: 12.2 Portugal · 2014: 13.0 Portugal · 2015: 12.8 Portugal · 2016: 12.4 Portugal · 2017: 14.2 Portugal · 2018: 13.0 Portugal · 2019: 13.6 Portugal · 2020: 11.2 Portugal · 2021: 11.4 Portugal · 2022: 11.6 Portugal · 2023: 11.0 Portugal · 2024: 11.4 Portugal · 2025: 10.8 Romania RO Romania · 2009: 35.0 Romania · 2010: 35.0 Romania · 2011: 33.4 Romania · 2012: 34.4 Romania · 2013: 34.4 Romania · 2014: 35.0 Romania · 2015: 35.4 Romania · 2016: 35.4 Romania · 2017: 34.6 Romania · 2018: 37.0 Romania · 2019: 38.4 Romania · 2020: 38.6 Romania · 2021: 40.2 Romania · 2022: 37.2 Romania · 2023: 38.2 Romania · 2024: 36.2 Romania · 2025: 37.4 Slovakia SK Slovakia · 2009: 23.6 Slovakia · 2010: 19.8 Slovakia · 2011: 21.0 Slovakia · 2012: 21.8 Slovakia · 2013: 19.6 Slovakia · 2014: 19.6 Slovakia · 2015: 19.8 Slovakia · 2016: 18.4 Slovakia · 2017: 15.2 Slovakia · 2018: 17.0 Slovakia · 2019: 15.4 Slovakia · 2020: 14.6 Slovakia · 2021: 17.0 Slovakia · 2022: 16.2 Slovakia · 2023: 15.4 Slovakia · 2024: 17.8 Slovakia · 2025: 17.4 Slovenia SI Slovenia · 2009: 14.8 Slovenia · 2010: 14.2 Slovenia · 2011: 13.4 Slovenia · 2012: 13.8 Slovenia · 2013: 16.0 Slovenia · 2014: 15.6 Slovenia · 2015: 17.0 Slovenia · 2016: 13.0 Slovenia · 2017: 13.8 Slovenia · 2018: 14.2 Slovenia · 2019: 13.0 Slovenia · 2020: 11.8 Slovenia · 2021: 13.4 Slovenia · 2022: 13.8 Slovenia · 2023: 12.2 Slovenia · 2024: 12.0 Slovenia · 2025: 9.8 Spain ES Spain · 2009: 28.4 Spain · 2010: 25.8 Spain · 2011: 23.2 Spain · 2012: 20.0 Spain · 2013: 19.2 Spain · 2014: 20.4 Spain · 2015: 22.4 Spain · 2016: 23.0 Spain · 2017: 23.8 Spain · 2018: 24.2 Spain · 2019: 23.8 Spain · 2020: 22.8 Spain · 2021: 21.6 Spain · 2022: 22.4 Spain · 2023: 20.6 Spain · 2024: 19.6 Spain · 2025: 19.0 Sweden SE Sweden · 2005: 11.6 Sweden · 2006: 12.6 Sweden · 2007: 12.8 Sweden · 2008: 13.2 Sweden · 2009: 11.2 Sweden · 2010: 13.0 Sweden · 2011: 12.0 Sweden · 2012: 10.6 Sweden · 2013: 10.6 Sweden · 2014: 9.6 Sweden · 2015: 8.8 Sweden · 2016: 8.2 Sweden · 2017: 8.8 Sweden · 2018: 9.0 Sweden · 2019: 10.4 Sweden · 2020: 10.6 Sweden · 2021: 10.8 Sweden · 2022: 11.4 Sweden · 2023: 9.4 Sweden · 2024: 8.0 Sweden · 2025: 7.8
0.4 75.0

Member states · ranked by latest value

By year