tesem180 · 2010–2024

Gender pay gap in unadjusted form

Eurostat tesem180 — Gender pay gap in unadjusted form. Data range: 2007 to 2024.

At a glance

In 2024, the EU-27 figure for gender pay gap in unadjusted form was 22.2 .

That is a 5.1% fell versus 2023 (23.4).

Over the five years before that, the EU-27 aggregate moved 19.0% lower.

Across member states, Estonia reported the highest value (37.6, 2024) and Luxembourg the lowest (0.60, 2020) — a ratio of 62.7× between the two ends of the range.

The figures below come from Eurostat dataset tesem180; every value links back to the canonical source.

EU-27 · 2024
22.2
HIGHEST · 2024
Estonia
37.6
LOWEST · 2020
Luxembourg
0.60

Map · 2024

Finland: 32.6 FI 32.6 Sweden: 22.4 SE 22.4 Denmark: 28.0 DK 28.0 Estonia: 37.6 EE 37.6 Ireland: 16.6 IE 16.6 Netherlands: 22.4 NL 22.4 Germany: 31.2 DE 31.2 Poland: 8.0 PL 8.0 Latvia: 27.8 LV 27.8 Belgium: 1.4 BE 1.4 Luxembourg: 0.6 LU 0.6 Czechia: 37.0 CZ 37.0 Slovakia: 31.4 SK 31.4 Lithuania: 20.0 LT 20.0 France: 23.6 FR 23.6 Austria: 35.2 AT 35.2 Hungary: 33.8 HU 33.8 Romania: 7.4 RO 7.4 Portugal: 14.0 PT 14.0 Spain: 14.6 ES 14.6 Italy: 10.6 IT 10.6 Slovenia: 16.0 SI 16.0 Bulgaria: 24.0 BG 24.0 Cyprus: 23.6 CY 23.6 Malta: 9.8 MT 9.8 Croatia: 13.2 HR 13.2 Greece: 26.8 EL 26.8
0.6 37.6

Ranking · 2024

Estonia EE 37.6 Czechia CZ 37 Austria AT 35.2 Hungary HU 33.8 Finland FI 32.6 Slovakia SK 31.4 Germany DE 31.2 Denmark DK 28 Latvia LV 27.8 Greece EL 26.8 Bulgaria BG 24 Cyprus CY 23.6 France FR 23.6 Netherlands NL 22.4 Sweden SE 22.4 European Union (27) EU 22.2 Lithuania LT 20 Ireland IE 16.6 Slovenia SI 16 Spain ES 14.6 Portugal PT 14 Croatia HR 13.2 Italy IT 10.6 Malta MT 9.8 Poland PL 8 Romania RO 7.4 Belgium BE 1.4 Luxembourg LU 0.6
2024 ranking · 28 countries

Time series · top 12 countries + EU-27

17.28 29.04 40.8 52.56 64.32 2007 2009 2012 2014 2017 2019 2022 2024 Estonia Czechia Austria Hungary Finland Slovakia Germany Denmark Latvia Greece Bulgaria Cyprus European Union (27) Gender pay gap in unadjusted form (value) EE CZ AT HU FI SK DE DK LV EL BG CY EU27_2020
  • Estonia 37.6
  • Czechia 37
  • Austria 35.2
  • Hungary 33.8
  • Finland 32.6
  • Slovakia 31.4
  • Germany 31.2
  • Denmark 28
  • Latvia 27.8
  • Greece 26.8
  • Bulgaria 24
  • Cyprus 23.6
  • European Union (27) 22.2

Country × year heatmap · all values

200720092011201320152017201920212023 Austria AT Austria · 2007: 51.0 Austria · 2008: 50.2 Austria · 2009: 48.6 Austria · 2010: 48.0 Austria · 2011: 47.0 Austria · 2012: 45.8 Austria · 2013: 44.6 Austria · 2014: 44.4 Austria · 2015: 43.6 Austria · 2016: 41.6 Austria · 2017: 41.4 Austria · 2018: 40.8 Austria · 2019: 40.0 Austria · 2020: 38.4 Austria · 2021: 38.2 Austria · 2022: 37.4 Austria · 2023: 36.6 Austria · 2024: 35.2 Belgium BE Belgium · 2007: 20.2 Belgium · 2008: 20.4 Belgium · 2009: 20.2 Belgium · 2010: 20.4 Belgium · 2011: 18.8 Belgium · 2012: 16.6 Belgium · 2013: 15.0 Belgium · 2014: 13.2 Belgium · 2015: 12.8 Belgium · 2016: 12.0 Belgium · 2017: 11.6 Belgium · 2018: 11.6 Belgium · 2019: 9.4 Belgium · 2020: 6.4 Belgium · 2021: 3.6 Belgium · 2022: 1.4 Belgium · 2023: 1.4 Belgium · 2024: 1.4 Bulgaria BG Bulgaria · 2007: 24.2 Bulgaria · 2008: 24.6 Bulgaria · 2009: 26.6 Bulgaria · 2010: 26.0 Bulgaria · 2011: 26.4 Bulgaria · 2012: 30.2 Bulgaria · 2013: 28.2 Bulgaria · 2014: 28.4 Bulgaria · 2015: 31.0 Bulgaria · 2016: 29.2 Bulgaria · 2017: 28.6 Bulgaria · 2018: 27.8 Bulgaria · 2019: 28.0 Bulgaria · 2020: 25.0 Bulgaria · 2021: 23.8 Bulgaria · 2022: 25.2 Bulgaria · 2023: 27.0 Bulgaria · 2024: 24.0 Croatia HR Croatia · 2010: 11.4 Croatia · 2013: 15.4 Croatia · 2014: 17.4 Croatia · 2016: 23.2 Croatia · 2017: 24.6 Croatia · 2018: 22.8 Croatia · 2019: 20.4 Croatia · 2020: 17.4 Croatia · 2021: 14.6 Croatia · 2022: 15.4 Croatia · 2023: 14.8 Croatia · 2024: 13.2 Cyprus CY Cyprus · 2007: 44.0 Cyprus · 2008: 39.0 Cyprus · 2009: 35.6 Cyprus · 2010: 33.6 Cyprus · 2011: 32.2 Cyprus · 2012: 31.2 Cyprus · 2013: 29.8 Cyprus · 2014: 28.4 Cyprus · 2015: 26.4 Cyprus · 2016: 24.6 Cyprus · 2017: 22.4 Cyprus · 2018: 20.8 Cyprus · 2019: 21.0 Cyprus · 2020: 19.8 Cyprus · 2021: 22.0 Cyprus · 2022: 23.8 Cyprus · 2023: 24.0 Cyprus · 2024: 23.6 Czechia CZ Czechia · 2007: 47.2 Czechia · 2008: 52.4 Czechia · 2009: 51.8 Czechia · 2010: 43.2 Czechia · 2011: 45.2 Czechia · 2012: 45.0 Czechia · 2013: 44.6 Czechia · 2014: 45.0 Czechia · 2015: 45.0 Czechia · 2016: 43.0 Czechia · 2017: 42.2 Czechia · 2018: 40.2 Czechia · 2019: 38.6 Czechia · 2020: 33.4 Czechia · 2021: 30.8 Czechia · 2022: 36.8 Czechia · 2023: 36.0 Czechia · 2024: 37.0 Denmark DK Denmark · 2007: 35.4 Denmark · 2008: 34.2 Denmark · 2009: 33.6 Denmark · 2010: 34.2 Denmark · 2011: 32.8 Denmark · 2012: 33.6 Denmark · 2013: 33.0 Denmark · 2014: 32.0 Denmark · 2015: 30.2 Denmark · 2016: 30.2 Denmark · 2017: 29.6 Denmark · 2018: 29.2 Denmark · 2019: 35.4 Denmark · 2020: 27.6 Denmark · 2021: 28.4 Denmark · 2022: 27.6 Denmark · 2023: 28.0 Denmark · 2024: 28.0 Estonia EE Estonia · 2007: 61.8 Estonia · 2008: 55.2 Estonia · 2009: 53.2 Estonia · 2010: 55.4 Estonia · 2011: 54.6 Estonia · 2012: 59.8 Estonia · 2013: 59.6 Estonia · 2014: 56.2 Estonia · 2015: 53.4 Estonia · 2016: 49.6 Estonia · 2017: 49.8 Estonia · 2018: 43.6 Estonia · 2019: 43.2 Estonia · 2020: 42.0 Estonia · 2021: 40.6 Estonia · 2022: 42.2 Estonia · 2023: 39.2 Estonia · 2024: 37.6 Finland FI Finland · 2007: 40.4 Finland · 2008: 41.0 Finland · 2009: 41.6 Finland · 2010: 40.6 Finland · 2011: 38.2 Finland · 2012: 38.4 Finland · 2013: 37.6 Finland · 2014: 36.8 Finland · 2015: 35.0 Finland · 2016: 35.0 Finland · 2017: 34.2 Finland · 2018: 33.8 Finland · 2019: 33.4 Finland · 2020: 33.8 Finland · 2021: 33.8 Finland · 2022: 32.0 Finland · 2023: 33.6 Finland · 2024: 32.6 France FR France · 2007: 34.6 France · 2008: 33.8 France · 2009: 30.4 France · 2010: 31.2 France · 2011: 31.4 France · 2012: 31.2 France · 2013: 31.0 France · 2014: 31.0 France · 2015: 31.2 France · 2016: 31.8 France · 2017: 32.6 France · 2018: 33.4 France · 2019: 32.0 France · 2020: 30.0 France · 2021: 27.4 France · 2022: 25.6 France · 2023: 24.6 France · 2024: 23.6 Germany DE Germany · 2007: 45.6 Germany · 2008: 45.6 Germany · 2009: 45.2 Germany · 2010: 44.6 Germany · 2011: 44.8 Germany · 2012: 45.4 Germany · 2013: 44.2 Germany · 2014: 44.6 Germany · 2015: 43.6 Germany · 2016: 42.2 Germany · 2017: 40.8 Germany · 2018: 40.2 Germany · 2019: 38.4 Germany · 2020: 36.6 Germany · 2021: 35.2 Germany · 2022: 35.4 Germany · 2023: 35.2 Germany · 2024: 31.2 Greece EL Greece · 2007: 43.0 Greece · 2008: 44.0 Greece · 2010: 30.0 Greece · 2014: 25.0 Greece · 2018: 20.8 Greece · 2022: 27.0 Greece · 2023: 27.2 Greece · 2024: 26.8 Hungary HU Hungary · 2007: 32.6 Hungary · 2008: 35.0 Hungary · 2009: 34.2 Hungary · 2010: 35.2 Hungary · 2011: 36.0 Hungary · 2012: 40.2 Hungary · 2013: 36.8 Hungary · 2014: 30.2 Hungary · 2015: 28.0 Hungary · 2016: 28.0 Hungary · 2017: 31.8 Hungary · 2018: 28.4 Hungary · 2019: 36.4 Hungary · 2020: 34.2 Hungary · 2021: 34.4 Hungary · 2022: 35.0 Hungary · 2023: 35.6 Hungary · 2024: 33.8 Ireland IE Ireland · 2007: 34.6 Ireland · 2008: 25.2 Ireland · 2009: 25.2 Ireland · 2010: 27.8 Ireland · 2011: 25.4 Ireland · 2012: 24.4 Ireland · 2013: 25.8 Ireland · 2014: 27.8 Ireland · 2015: 27.8 Ireland · 2016: 28.4 Ireland · 2017: 28.8 Ireland · 2018: 22.6 Ireland · 2019: 20.6 Ireland · 2020: 18.0 Ireland · 2021: 19.8 Ireland · 2022: 18.6 Ireland · 2023: 17.2 Ireland · 2024: 16.6 Italy IT Italy · 2007: 10.2 Italy · 2008: 9.8 Italy · 2009: 11.0 Italy · 2010: 10.6 Italy · 2011: 11.4 Italy · 2012: 13.0 Italy · 2013: 14.0 Italy · 2014: 12.2 Italy · 2015: 11.0 Italy · 2016: 10.6 Italy · 2017: 10.0 Italy · 2018: 11.0 Italy · 2019: 9.2 Italy · 2020: 8.0 Italy · 2021: 9.4 Italy · 2022: 7.6 Italy · 2023: 4.4 Italy · 2024: 10.6 Latvia LV Latvia · 2007: 27.2 Latvia · 2008: 23.6 Latvia · 2009: 26.2 Latvia · 2010: 31.0 Latvia · 2011: 28.2 Latvia · 2012: 29.8 Latvia · 2013: 32.0 Latvia · 2014: 34.6 Latvia · 2015: 36.8 Latvia · 2016: 39.4 Latvia · 2017: 39.6 Latvia · 2018: 39.2 Latvia · 2019: 43.2 Latvia · 2020: 46.4 Latvia · 2021: 31.8 Latvia · 2022: 37.8 Latvia · 2023: 32.8 Latvia · 2024: 27.8 Lithuania LT Lithuania · 2007: 45.2 Lithuania · 2008: 43.2 Lithuania · 2009: 30.6 Lithuania · 2010: 23.8 Lithuania · 2011: 23.0 Lithuania · 2012: 23.8 Lithuania · 2013: 24.4 Lithuania · 2014: 26.6 Lithuania · 2015: 28.4 Lithuania · 2016: 28.8 Lithuania · 2017: 30.4 Lithuania · 2018: 28.0 Lithuania · 2019: 25.8 Lithuania · 2020: 24.6 Lithuania · 2021: 21.8 Lithuania · 2022: 21.0 Lithuania · 2023: 23.0 Lithuania · 2024: 20.0 Luxembourg LU Luxembourg · 2007: 20.4 Luxembourg · 2008: 19.4 Luxembourg · 2009: 18.4 Luxembourg · 2010: 17.4 Luxembourg · 2011: 15.8 Luxembourg · 2012: 14.0 Luxembourg · 2013: 12.4 Luxembourg · 2014: 10.8 Luxembourg · 2015: 9.4 Luxembourg · 2016: 7.8 Luxembourg · 2017: 5.2 Luxembourg · 2018: 2.8 Luxembourg · 2019: 1.8 Luxembourg · 2020: 0.6 Malta MT Malta · 2007: 15.6 Malta · 2008: 18.4 Malta · 2009: 15.4 Malta · 2010: 14.4 Malta · 2011: 15.4 Malta · 2012: 19.0 Malta · 2013: 19.4 Malta · 2014: 21.2 Malta · 2015: 21.4 Malta · 2016: 23.2 Malta · 2017: 26.4 Malta · 2018: 26.0 Malta · 2019: 21.0 Malta · 2020: 15.8 Malta · 2021: 14.4 Malta · 2022: 11.6 Malta · 2023: 10.2 Malta · 2024: 9.8 Netherlands NL Netherlands · 2007: 38.6 Netherlands · 2008: 37.8 Netherlands · 2009: 37.0 Netherlands · 2010: 35.6 Netherlands · 2011: 37.6 Netherlands · 2012: 36.0 Netherlands · 2013: 34.4 Netherlands · 2014: 34.0 Netherlands · 2015: 32.2 Netherlands · 2016: 31.2 Netherlands · 2017: 30.2 Netherlands · 2018: 29.4 Netherlands · 2019: 29.8 Netherlands · 2020: 29.4 Netherlands · 2021: 28.6 Netherlands · 2022: 28.0 Netherlands · 2023: 25.0 Netherlands · 2024: 22.4 Poland PL Poland · 2007: 29.8 Poland · 2008: 22.8 Poland · 2009: 16.0 Poland · 2010: 9.0 Poland · 2011: 11.0 Poland · 2012: 12.8 Poland · 2013: 14.2 Poland · 2014: 15.4 Poland · 2015: 14.6 Poland · 2016: 14.2 Poland · 2017: 14.0 Poland · 2018: 17.0 Poland · 2019: 13.0 Poland · 2020: 9.0 Poland · 2021: 12.4 Poland · 2022: 15.6 Poland · 2023: 11.8 Poland · 2024: 8.0 Portugal PT Portugal · 2007: 17.0 Portugal · 2008: 18.4 Portugal · 2009: 20.0 Portugal · 2010: 25.6 Portugal · 2011: 25.8 Portugal · 2012: 30.0 Portugal · 2013: 26.6 Portugal · 2014: 29.8 Portugal · 2015: 32.0 Portugal · 2016: 27.8 Portugal · 2017: 21.6 Portugal · 2018: 17.8 Portugal · 2019: 18.8 Portugal · 2020: 16.6 Portugal · 2021: 14.2 Portugal · 2022: 12.6 Portugal · 2023: 17.2 Portugal · 2024: 14.0 Romania RO Romania · 2007: 25.0 Romania · 2008: 17.0 Romania · 2009: 14.8 Romania · 2010: 17.6 Romania · 2011: 19.2 Romania · 2012: 13.8 Romania · 2013: 9.8 Romania · 2014: 9.0 Romania · 2015: 11.2 Romania · 2016: 9.6 Romania · 2017: 5.8 Romania · 2018: 4.4 Romania · 2019: 5.2 Romania · 2020: 1.8 Romania · 2021: 2.8 Romania · 2022: 3.0 Romania · 2023: 7.6 Romania · 2024: 7.4 Slovakia SK Slovakia · 2007: 47.2 Slovakia · 2008: 41.8 Slovakia · 2009: 43.8 Slovakia · 2010: 39.2 Slovakia · 2011: 40.2 Slovakia · 2012: 41.6 Slovakia · 2013: 37.6 Slovakia · 2014: 39.4 Slovakia · 2015: 39.4 Slovakia · 2016: 38.4 Slovakia · 2017: 40.2 Slovakia · 2018: 39.6 Slovakia · 2019: 36.4 Slovakia · 2020: 30.8 Slovakia · 2021: 32.0 Slovakia · 2022: 33.6 Slovakia · 2023: 31.4 Slovakia · 2024: 31.4 Slovenia SI Slovenia · 2007: 10.0 Slovenia · 2008: 8.2 Slovenia · 2010: 1.8 Slovenia · 2011: 6.6 Slovenia · 2012: 9.0 Slovenia · 2013: 12.6 Slovenia · 2014: 14.0 Slovenia · 2015: 16.4 Slovenia · 2016: 16.2 Slovenia · 2017: 16.8 Slovenia · 2018: 18.6 Slovenia · 2019: 15.0 Slovenia · 2020: 4.8 Slovenia · 2021: 5.4 Slovenia · 2022: 13.6 Slovenia · 2023: 12.0 Slovenia · 2024: 16.0 Spain ES Spain · 2007: 36.2 Spain · 2008: 32.2 Spain · 2009: 33.4 Spain · 2010: 32.4 Spain · 2011: 35.2 Spain · 2012: 37.4 Spain · 2013: 35.6 Spain · 2014: 29.8 Spain · 2015: 28.2 Spain · 2016: 29.6 Spain · 2017: 27.0 Spain · 2018: 23.8 Spain · 2019: 19.2 Spain · 2020: 18.6 Spain · 2021: 18.6 Spain · 2022: 18.4 Spain · 2023: 14.6 Spain · 2024: 14.6 Sweden SE Sweden · 2007: 35.6 Sweden · 2008: 33.8 Sweden · 2009: 31.4 Sweden · 2010: 30.8 Sweden · 2011: 31.2 Sweden · 2012: 31.0 Sweden · 2013: 29.2 Sweden · 2014: 27.6 Sweden · 2015: 28.0 Sweden · 2016: 26.6 Sweden · 2017: 25.0 Sweden · 2018: 24.2 Sweden · 2019: 22.2 Sweden · 2020: 21.0 Sweden · 2021: 20.6 Sweden · 2022: 20.8 Sweden · 2023: 22.4 Sweden · 2024: 22.4
0.6 61.8

Member states · ranked by latest value

By year