tesem190 · 2021–2025

Involuntary temporary employment

Eurostat tesem190 — Involuntary temporary employment. Data range: 2005 to 2025.

At a glance

In 2025, the EU-27 figure for involuntary temporary employment was 3.00 .

That is a 0.0% rose versus 2024 (3.00).

Across member states, Finland reported the highest value (7.40, 2025) and Slovakia the lowest (0.20, 2025) — a ratio of 37.0× between the two ends of the range.

The figures below come from Eurostat dataset tesem190; every value links back to the canonical source.

EU-27 · 2025
3.00
HIGHEST · 2025
Finland
7.40
LOWEST · 2025
Slovakia
0.20

Map · 2025

Finland: 7.4 FI 7.4 Sweden: 6.2 SE 6.2 Denmark: 1.4 DK 1.4 Estonia: 0.5 EE 0.5 Ireland: 2.2 IE 2.2 Netherlands: 0.5 NL 0.5 Germany: 2.5 DE 2.5 Poland: 4.4 PL 4.4 Latvia: 1.3 LV 1.3 Belgium: 2.4 BE 2.4 Luxembourg: 3.3 LU 3.3 Czechia: 3.0 CZ 3.0 Slovakia: 0.2 SK 0.2 Lithuania: 0.5 LT 0.5 France: 3.7 FR 3.7 Austria: 2.6 AT 2.6 Hungary: 0.6 HU 0.6 Romania: 0.2 RO 0.2 Portugal: 6.7 PT 6.7 Spain: 2.8 ES 2.8 Italy: 3.8 IT 3.8 Slovenia: 1.3 SI 1.3 Bulgaria: 0.5 BG 0.5 Cyprus: 0.7 CY 0.7 Malta: 5.4 MT 5.4 Croatia: 1.1 HR 1.1 Greece: 4.7 EL 4.7
0.2 7.4

Ranking · 2025

Finland FI 7.4 Portugal PT 6.7 Sweden SE 6.2 Malta MT 5.4 Greece EL 4.7 Poland PL 4.4 Italy IT 3.8 France FR 3.7 Luxembourg LU 3.3 Czechia CZ 3 European Union (27) EU 3 Spain ES 2.8 Austria AT 2.6 Germany DE 2.5 Belgium BE 2.4 Ireland IE 2.2 Denmark DK 1.4 Latvia LV 1.3 Slovenia SI 1.3 Croatia HR 1.1 Cyprus CY 0.7 Hungary HU 0.6 Bulgaria BG 0.5 Estonia EE 0.5 Lithuania LT 0.5 Netherlands NL 0.5 Romania RO 0.2 Slovakia SK 0.2
2025 ranking · 28 countries

Time series · top 12 countries + EU-27

1.07 3.08 5.1 7.12 9.13 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Finland Portugal Sweden Malta Greece Poland Italy France Luxembourg Czechia Spain Austria European Union (27) Involuntary temporary employment (value) FI PT SE MT EL PL IT FR LU CZ EU27_2020 ES AT
  • Finland 7.4
  • Portugal 6.7
  • Sweden 6.2
  • Malta 5.4
  • Greece 4.7
  • Poland 4.4
  • Italy 3.8
  • France 3.7
  • Luxembourg 3.3
  • Czechia 3
  • Spain 2.8
  • Austria 2.6
  • European Union (27) 3

Country × year heatmap · all values

20212022202320242025 Austria AT Austria · 2021: 2.7 Austria · 2022: 2.7 Austria · 2023: 2.9 Austria · 2024: 2.6 Austria · 2025: 2.6 Belgium BE Belgium · 2021: 2.1 Belgium · 2022: 1.7 Belgium · 2023: 2.0 Belgium · 2024: 2.0 Belgium · 2025: 2.4 Bulgaria BG Bulgaria · 2021: 0.5 Bulgaria · 2022: 0.6 Bulgaria · 2023: 0.6 Bulgaria · 2024: 0.8 Bulgaria · 2025: 0.5 Croatia HR Croatia · 2021: 0.8 Croatia · 2022: 1.0 Croatia · 2023: 1.0 Croatia · 2024: 0.9 Croatia · 2025: 1.1 Cyprus CY Cyprus · 2021: 0.5 Cyprus · 2022: 0.7 Cyprus · 2023: 0.5 Cyprus · 2024: 0.6 Cyprus · 2025: 0.7 Czechia CZ Czechia · 2021: 1.5 Czechia · 2022: 1.8 Czechia · 2023: 2.6 Czechia · 2024: 2.5 Czechia · 2025: 3.0 Denmark DK Denmark · 2021: 1.6 Denmark · 2022: 1.2 Denmark · 2023: 1.2 Denmark · 2024: 1.3 Denmark · 2025: 1.4 Estonia EE Estonia · 2022: 0.2 Estonia · 2023: 0.4 Estonia · 2024: 0.4 Estonia · 2025: 0.5 Finland FI Finland · 2021: 8.1 Finland · 2022: 8.7 Finland · 2023: 7.8 Finland · 2024: 7.7 Finland · 2025: 7.4 France FR France · 2021: 3.2 France · 2022: 3.6 France · 2023: 3.9 France · 2024: 3.7 France · 2025: 3.7 Germany DE Germany · 2021: 2.7 Germany · 2022: 2.8 Germany · 2023: 2.6 Germany · 2024: 2.4 Germany · 2025: 2.5 Greece EL Greece · 2021: 4.3 Greece · 2022: 5.4 Greece · 2023: 5.3 Greece · 2024: 5.7 Greece · 2025: 4.7 Hungary HU Hungary · 2021: 0.7 Hungary · 2022: 0.6 Hungary · 2023: 0.6 Hungary · 2024: 0.6 Hungary · 2025: 0.6 Ireland IE Ireland · 2021: 2.6 Ireland · 2022: 2.7 Ireland · 2023: 2.7 Ireland · 2024: 1.8 Ireland · 2025: 2.2 Italy IT Italy · 2021: 5.2 Italy · 2022: 5.0 Italy · 2023: 4.4 Italy · 2024: 4.1 Italy · 2025: 3.8 Latvia LV Latvia · 2021: 0.9 Latvia · 2022: 0.8 Latvia · 2023: 1.2 Latvia · 2024: 1.2 Latvia · 2025: 1.3 Lithuania LT Lithuania · 2021: 0.4 Lithuania · 2022: 0.4 Lithuania · 2023: 0.5 Lithuania · 2024: 0.4 Lithuania · 2025: 0.5 Luxembourg LU Luxembourg · 2021: 3.3 Luxembourg · 2022: 2.6 Luxembourg · 2023: 3.1 Luxembourg · 2024: 3.4 Luxembourg · 2025: 3.3 Malta MT Malta · 2021: 2.7 Malta · 2022: 3.2 Malta · 2023: 5.1 Malta · 2024: 5.2 Malta · 2025: 5.4 Netherlands NL Netherlands · 2021: 0.6 Netherlands · 2022: 0.5 Netherlands · 2023: 0.5 Netherlands · 2024: 0.5 Netherlands · 2025: 0.5 Poland PL Poland · 2021: 2.6 Poland · 2022: 3.2 Poland · 2023: 3.5 Poland · 2024: 3.9 Poland · 2025: 4.4 Portugal PT Portugal · 2021: 3.1 Portugal · 2022: 3.2 Portugal · 2023: 3.7 Portugal · 2024: 6.2 Portugal · 2025: 6.7 Romania RO Romania · 2021: 0.2 Romania · 2022: 0.3 Romania · 2023: 0.3 Romania · 2024: 0.2 Romania · 2025: 0.2 Slovakia SK Slovakia · 2023: 0.3 Slovakia · 2025: 0.2 Slovenia SI Slovenia · 2021: 1.6 Slovenia · 2022: 1.9 Slovenia · 2023: 1.8 Slovenia · 2024: 1.6 Slovenia · 2025: 1.3 Spain ES Spain · 2021: 4.1 Spain · 2022: 4.0 Spain · 2023: 3.2 Spain · 2024: 3.4 Spain · 2025: 2.8 Sweden SE Sweden · 2021: 7.6 Sweden · 2022: 7.1 Sweden · 2023: 6.4 Sweden · 2024: 6.0 Sweden · 2025: 6.2
0.2 8.7

Member states · ranked by latest value

By year