tesem110 · 2009–2025

Temporary employees as percentage of the total number of employees

Eurostat tesem110 — Temporary employees as percentage of the total number of employees. Data range: 2005 to 2025.

At a glance

In 2025, the EU-27 figure for temporary employees as percentage of the total number of employees was 11.5 .

That is a 0.9% fell versus 2024 (11.6).

Over the five years before that, the EU-27 aggregate moved 10.9% lower.

Across member states, Netherlands reported the highest value (22.3, 2025) and Lithuania the lowest (1.70, 2025) — a ratio of 13.1× between the two ends of the range.

The figures below come from Eurostat dataset tesem110; every value links back to the canonical source.

EU-27 · 2025
11.5
HIGHEST · 2025
Netherlands
22.3
LOWEST · 2025
Lithuania
1.70

Map · 2025

Finland: 12.8 FI 12.8 Sweden: 10.5 SE 10.5 Denmark: 11.1 DK 11.1 Estonia: 2.9 EE 2.9 Ireland: 6.4 IE 6.4 Netherlands: 22.3 NL 22.3 Germany: 9.8 DE 9.8 Poland: 15.2 PL 15.2 Latvia: 2.5 LV 2.5 Belgium: 9.2 BE 9.2 Luxembourg: 8.9 LU 8.9 Czechia: 7.1 CZ 7.1 Slovakia: 3.6 SK 3.6 Lithuania: 1.7 LT 1.7 France: 13.6 FR 13.6 Austria: 6.0 AT 6.0 Hungary: 4.3 HU 4.3 Romania: 1.8 RO 1.8 Portugal: 14.8 PT 14.8 Spain: 14.9 ES 14.9 Italy: 13.3 IT 13.3 Slovenia: 8.8 SI 8.8 Bulgaria: 2.5 BG 2.5 Cyprus: 14.5 CY 14.5 Malta: 9.0 MT 9.0 Croatia: 8.1 HR 8.1 Greece: 9.3 EL 9.3
1.7 22.3

Ranking · 2025

Netherlands NL 22.3 Poland PL 15.2 Spain ES 14.9 Portugal PT 14.8 Cyprus CY 14.5 France FR 13.6 Italy IT 13.3 Finland FI 12.8 European Union (27) EU 11.5 Denmark DK 11.1 Sweden SE 10.5 Germany DE 9.8 Greece EL 9.3 Belgium BE 9.2 Malta MT 9 Luxembourg LU 8.9 Slovenia SI 8.8 Croatia HR 8.1 Czechia CZ 7.1 Ireland IE 6.4 Austria AT 6 Hungary HU 4.3 Slovakia SK 3.6 Estonia EE 2.9 Bulgaria BG 2.5 Latvia LV 2.5 Romania RO 1.8 Lithuania LT 1.7
2025 ranking · 28 countries

Time series · top 12 countries + EU-27

6.28 11.99 17.7 23.41 29.12 2005 2008 2011 2014 2016 2019 2022 2025 Netherlands Poland Spain Portugal Cyprus France Italy Finland Denmark Sweden Germany Greece European Union (27) Temporary employees as percentage of the total number of employees (value) NL PL ES PT CY FR IT FI EU27_2020 DK SE DE EL
  • Netherlands 22.3
  • Poland 15.2
  • Spain 14.9
  • Portugal 14.8
  • Cyprus 14.5
  • France 13.6
  • Italy 13.3
  • Finland 12.8
  • Denmark 11.1
  • Sweden 10.5
  • Germany 9.8
  • Greece 9.3
  • European Union (27) 11.5

Country × year heatmap · all values

20052007200920112013201520172019202120232025 Austria AT Austria · 2009: 6.1 Austria · 2010: 6.5 Austria · 2011: 6.6 Austria · 2012: 6.6 Austria · 2013: 6.7 Austria · 2014: 6.9 Austria · 2015: 6.9 Austria · 2016: 7.0 Austria · 2017: 7.6 Austria · 2018: 7.5 Austria · 2019: 7.1 Austria · 2020: 6.4 Austria · 2021: 6.5 Austria · 2022: 6.4 Austria · 2023: 6.7 Austria · 2024: 6.2 Austria · 2025: 6.0 Belgium BE Belgium · 2009: 7.5 Belgium · 2010: 7.6 Belgium · 2011: 8.2 Belgium · 2012: 7.6 Belgium · 2013: 7.7 Belgium · 2014: 8.1 Belgium · 2015: 8.6 Belgium · 2016: 8.7 Belgium · 2017: 9.8 Belgium · 2018: 9.8 Belgium · 2019: 9.8 Belgium · 2020: 9.3 Belgium · 2021: 9.2 Belgium · 2022: 8.3 Belgium · 2023: 8.0 Belgium · 2024: 8.3 Belgium · 2025: 9.2 Bulgaria BG Bulgaria · 2009: 4.8 Bulgaria · 2010: 4.6 Bulgaria · 2011: 4.2 Bulgaria · 2012: 4.6 Bulgaria · 2013: 5.9 Bulgaria · 2014: 5.5 Bulgaria · 2015: 4.6 Bulgaria · 2016: 4.2 Bulgaria · 2017: 4.5 Bulgaria · 2018: 4.2 Bulgaria · 2019: 4.4 Bulgaria · 2020: 3.6 Bulgaria · 2021: 3.3 Bulgaria · 2022: 3.7 Bulgaria · 2023: 2.9 Bulgaria · 2024: 2.8 Bulgaria · 2025: 2.5 Croatia HR Croatia · 2009: 11.4 Croatia · 2010: 12.1 Croatia · 2011: 13.0 Croatia · 2012: 12.9 Croatia · 2013: 14.2 Croatia · 2014: 16.1 Croatia · 2015: 19.6 Croatia · 2016: 21.1 Croatia · 2017: 19.7 Croatia · 2018: 19.1 Croatia · 2019: 17.5 Croatia · 2020: 14.7 Croatia · 2021: 12.8 Croatia · 2022: 13.9 Croatia · 2023: 10.6 Croatia · 2024: 8.6 Croatia · 2025: 8.1 Cyprus CY Cyprus · 2009: 13.7 Cyprus · 2010: 13.9 Cyprus · 2011: 14.1 Cyprus · 2012: 15.0 Cyprus · 2013: 17.4 Cyprus · 2014: 18.9 Cyprus · 2015: 18.3 Cyprus · 2016: 16.4 Cyprus · 2017: 15.3 Cyprus · 2018: 13.7 Cyprus · 2019: 13.5 Cyprus · 2020: 13.6 Cyprus · 2021: 13.1 Cyprus · 2022: 12.0 Cyprus · 2023: 13.7 Cyprus · 2024: 14.0 Cyprus · 2025: 14.5 Czechia CZ Czechia · 2009: 7.3 Czechia · 2010: 7.9 Czechia · 2011: 7.8 Czechia · 2012: 8.1 Czechia · 2013: 9.0 Czechia · 2014: 9.5 Czechia · 2015: 9.8 Czechia · 2016: 9.5 Czechia · 2017: 9.3 Czechia · 2018: 8.2 Czechia · 2019: 7.5 Czechia · 2020: 6.8 Czechia · 2021: 6.3 Czechia · 2022: 5.9 Czechia · 2023: 6.7 Czechia · 2024: 7.2 Czechia · 2025: 7.1 Denmark DK Denmark · 2009: 7.5 Denmark · 2010: 7.5 Denmark · 2011: 7.7 Denmark · 2012: 7.7 Denmark · 2013: 7.9 Denmark · 2014: 7.5 Denmark · 2015: 7.6 Denmark · 2016: 11.9 Denmark · 2017: 10.3 Denmark · 2018: 8.8 Denmark · 2019: 9.0 Denmark · 2020: 9.4 Denmark · 2021: 9.6 Denmark · 2022: 9.6 Denmark · 2023: 8.9 Denmark · 2024: 10.9 Denmark · 2025: 11.1 Estonia EE Estonia · 2009: 2.2 Estonia · 2010: 3.5 Estonia · 2011: 4.3 Estonia · 2012: 3.1 Estonia · 2013: 3.2 Estonia · 2014: 2.9 Estonia · 2015: 3.1 Estonia · 2016: 3.4 Estonia · 2017: 3.0 Estonia · 2018: 3.0 Estonia · 2019: 2.8 Estonia · 2020: 2.5 Estonia · 2021: 1.5 Estonia · 2022: 2.8 Estonia · 2023: 2.7 Estonia · 2024: 3.5 Estonia · 2025: 2.9 Finland FI Finland · 2009: 15.1 Finland · 2010: 16.2 Finland · 2011: 16.3 Finland · 2012: 16.2 Finland · 2013: 16.0 Finland · 2014: 16.0 Finland · 2015: 15.9 Finland · 2016: 16.4 Finland · 2017: 16.6 Finland · 2018: 16.9 Finland · 2019: 16.2 Finland · 2020: 15.4 Finland · 2021: 14.8 Finland · 2022: 14.6 Finland · 2023: 13.9 Finland · 2024: 13.8 Finland · 2025: 12.8 France FR France · 2005: 11.9 France · 2006: 12.0 France · 2007: 12.1 France · 2008: 12.0 France · 2009: 11.7 France · 2010: 12.4 France · 2011: 12.6 France · 2012: 12.7 France · 2013: 12.6 France · 2014: 13.3 France · 2015: 14.1 France · 2016: 14.2 France · 2017: 14.6 France · 2018: 14.3 France · 2019: 13.7 France · 2020: 12.8 France · 2021: 13.6 France · 2022: 14.5 France · 2023: 14.0 France · 2024: 13.8 France · 2025: 13.6 Germany DE Germany · 2009: 13.0 Germany · 2010: 13.1 Germany · 2011: 13.3 Germany · 2012: 12.6 Germany · 2013: 12.2 Germany · 2014: 11.9 Germany · 2015: 11.9 Germany · 2016: 12.0 Germany · 2017: 11.7 Germany · 2018: 11.5 Germany · 2019: 10.8 Germany · 2020: 10.0 Germany · 2021: 10.0 Germany · 2022: 10.6 Germany · 2023: 10.2 Germany · 2024: 9.7 Germany · 2025: 9.8 Greece EL Greece · 2009: 12.4 Greece · 2010: 12.8 Greece · 2011: 12.0 Greece · 2012: 10.4 Greece · 2013: 10.3 Greece · 2014: 11.8 Greece · 2015: 12.1 Greece · 2016: 11.4 Greece · 2017: 11.6 Greece · 2018: 11.5 Greece · 2019: 12.8 Greece · 2020: 10.3 Greece · 2021: 10.1 Greece · 2022: 10.1 Greece · 2023: 10.7 Greece · 2024: 9.4 Greece · 2025: 9.3 Hungary HU Hungary · 2009: 8.0 Hungary · 2010: 9.2 Hungary · 2011: 8.6 Hungary · 2012: 9.1 Hungary · 2013: 10.4 Hungary · 2014: 10.3 Hungary · 2015: 10.8 Hungary · 2016: 9.3 Hungary · 2017: 8.4 Hungary · 2018: 6.8 Hungary · 2019: 6.2 Hungary · 2020: 5.6 Hungary · 2021: 5.7 Hungary · 2022: 5.2 Hungary · 2023: 4.8 Hungary · 2024: 4.6 Hungary · 2025: 4.3 Ireland IE Ireland · 2009: 8.0 Ireland · 2010: 8.9 Ireland · 2011: 9.6 Ireland · 2012: 9.5 Ireland · 2013: 9.4 Ireland · 2014: 8.9 Ireland · 2015: 8.3 Ireland · 2016: 7.6 Ireland · 2017: 7.8 Ireland · 2018: 8.5 Ireland · 2019: 8.2 Ireland · 2020: 7.6 Ireland · 2021: 7.9 Ireland · 2022: 6.9 Ireland · 2023: 6.8 Ireland · 2024: 6.1 Ireland · 2025: 6.4 Italy IT Italy · 2009: 12.1 Italy · 2010: 12.4 Italy · 2011: 13.0 Italy · 2012: 13.5 Italy · 2013: 13.0 Italy · 2014: 13.4 Italy · 2015: 13.9 Italy · 2016: 13.8 Italy · 2017: 15.1 Italy · 2018: 16.7 Italy · 2019: 16.7 Italy · 2020: 14.9 Italy · 2021: 16.3 Italy · 2022: 16.5 Italy · 2023: 15.7 Italy · 2024: 14.4 Italy · 2025: 13.3 Latvia LV Latvia · 2009: 3.7 Latvia · 2010: 6.2 Latvia · 2011: 5.9 Latvia · 2012: 4.1 Latvia · 2013: 3.7 Latvia · 2014: 2.9 Latvia · 2015: 3.2 Latvia · 2016: 3.2 Latvia · 2017: 2.6 Latvia · 2018: 2.3 Latvia · 2019: 2.6 Latvia · 2020: 2.5 Latvia · 2021: 2.7 Latvia · 2022: 2.5 Latvia · 2023: 2.5 Latvia · 2024: 2.1 Latvia · 2025: 2.5 Lithuania LT Lithuania · 2009: 2.2 Lithuania · 2010: 2.3 Lithuania · 2011: 2.6 Lithuania · 2012: 2.5 Lithuania · 2013: 2.6 Lithuania · 2014: 2.6 Lithuania · 2015: 2.0 Lithuania · 2016: 1.8 Lithuania · 2017: 1.6 Lithuania · 2018: 1.4 Lithuania · 2019: 1.2 Lithuania · 2020: 1.1 Lithuania · 2021: 1.8 Lithuania · 2022: 1.7 Lithuania · 2023: 1.7 Lithuania · 2024: 1.5 Lithuania · 2025: 1.7 Luxembourg LU Luxembourg · 2009: 6.4 Luxembourg · 2010: 6.4 Luxembourg · 2011: 6.6 Luxembourg · 2012: 7.0 Luxembourg · 2013: 6.4 Luxembourg · 2014: 7.3 Luxembourg · 2015: 9.4 Luxembourg · 2016: 8.3 Luxembourg · 2017: 8.5 Luxembourg · 2018: 9.3 Luxembourg · 2019: 8.6 Luxembourg · 2020: 7.2 Luxembourg · 2021: 8.8 Luxembourg · 2022: 6.7 Luxembourg · 2023: 6.9 Luxembourg · 2024: 8.9 Luxembourg · 2025: 8.9 Malta MT Malta · 2009: 4.2 Malta · 2010: 4.6 Malta · 2011: 5.8 Malta · 2012: 6.2 Malta · 2013: 6.9 Malta · 2014: 7.1 Malta · 2015: 7.1 Malta · 2016: 7.0 Malta · 2017: 5.8 Malta · 2018: 7.5 Malta · 2019: 8.7 Malta · 2020: 7.6 Malta · 2021: 7.5 Malta · 2022: 7.7 Malta · 2023: 8.3 Malta · 2024: 9.1 Malta · 2025: 9.0 Netherlands NL Netherlands · 2009: 23.7 Netherlands · 2010: 23.9 Netherlands · 2011: 23.9 Netherlands · 2012: 24.8 Netherlands · 2013: 25.8 Netherlands · 2014: 26.7 Netherlands · 2015: 25.5 Netherlands · 2016: 25.8 Netherlands · 2017: 26.5 Netherlands · 2018: 25.8 Netherlands · 2019: 24.6 Netherlands · 2020: 22.7 Netherlands · 2021: 23.0 Netherlands · 2022: 23.7 Netherlands · 2023: 23.4 Netherlands · 2024: 22.6 Netherlands · 2025: 22.3 Poland PL Poland · 2009: 25.8 Poland · 2010: 26.7 Poland · 2011: 26.4 Poland · 2012: 26.4 Poland · 2013: 26.4 Poland · 2014: 27.9 Poland · 2015: 27.7 Poland · 2016: 27.1 Poland · 2017: 25.8 Poland · 2018: 23.9 Poland · 2019: 21.3 Poland · 2020: 18.2 Poland · 2021: 14.6 Poland · 2022: 14.9 Poland · 2023: 14.8 Poland · 2024: 14.4 Poland · 2025: 15.2 Portugal PT Portugal · 2009: 20.5 Portugal · 2010: 21.6 Portugal · 2011: 21.5 Portugal · 2012: 20.1 Portugal · 2013: 21.0 Portugal · 2014: 21.0 Portugal · 2015: 21.5 Portugal · 2016: 21.9 Portugal · 2017: 21.6 Portugal · 2018: 21.6 Portugal · 2019: 20.4 Portugal · 2020: 17.5 Portugal · 2021: 16.8 Portugal · 2022: 16.3 Portugal · 2023: 17.1 Portugal · 2024: 15.6 Portugal · 2025: 14.8 Romania RO Romania · 2009: 0.9 Romania · 2010: 1.0 Romania · 2011: 1.4 Romania · 2012: 1.5 Romania · 2013: 1.4 Romania · 2014: 1.5 Romania · 2015: 1.4 Romania · 2016: 1.3 Romania · 2017: 1.2 Romania · 2018: 1.1 Romania · 2019: 1.4 Romania · 2020: 1.2 Romania · 2021: 2.3 Romania · 2022: 2.1 Romania · 2023: 2.4 Romania · 2024: 1.8 Romania · 2025: 1.8 Slovakia SK Slovakia · 2009: 2.8 Slovakia · 2010: 3.7 Slovakia · 2011: 4.4 Slovakia · 2012: 4.5 Slovakia · 2013: 4.5 Slovakia · 2014: 5.9 Slovakia · 2015: 7.0 Slovakia · 2016: 6.7 Slovakia · 2017: 6.3 Slovakia · 2018: 5.3 Slovakia · 2019: 5.2 Slovakia · 2020: 4.3 Slovakia · 2021: 4.0 Slovakia · 2022: 4.1 Slovakia · 2023: 4.1 Slovakia · 2024: 3.6 Slovakia · 2025: 3.6 Slovenia SI Slovenia · 2009: 17.5 Slovenia · 2010: 18.8 Slovenia · 2011: 19.9 Slovenia · 2012: 19.1 Slovenia · 2013: 18.2 Slovenia · 2014: 18.5 Slovenia · 2015: 19.8 Slovenia · 2016: 18.9 Slovenia · 2017: 19.5 Slovenia · 2018: 17.2 Slovenia · 2019: 14.5 Slovenia · 2020: 12.0 Slovenia · 2021: 11.1 Slovenia · 2022: 10.8 Slovenia · 2023: 10.5 Slovenia · 2024: 9.6 Slovenia · 2025: 8.8 Spain ES Spain · 2009: 24.7 Spain · 2010: 24.3 Spain · 2011: 24.8 Spain · 2012: 23.1 Spain · 2013: 22.9 Spain · 2014: 23.8 Spain · 2015: 24.9 Spain · 2016: 25.8 Spain · 2017: 26.4 Spain · 2018: 26.4 Spain · 2019: 25.8 Spain · 2020: 23.8 Spain · 2021: 24.9 Spain · 2022: 21.0 Spain · 2023: 16.9 Spain · 2024: 15.5 Spain · 2025: 14.9 Sweden SE Sweden · 2005: 13.7 Sweden · 2006: 14.4 Sweden · 2007: 14.6 Sweden · 2008: 13.2 Sweden · 2009: 12.5 Sweden · 2010: 13.5 Sweden · 2011: 14.1 Sweden · 2012: 13.7 Sweden · 2013: 14.1 Sweden · 2014: 14.6 Sweden · 2015: 14.3 Sweden · 2016: 13.9 Sweden · 2017: 13.7 Sweden · 2018: 13.5 Sweden · 2019: 13.2 Sweden · 2020: 12.8 Sweden · 2021: 12.8 Sweden · 2022: 12.6 Sweden · 2023: 11.8 Sweden · 2024: 10.6 Sweden · 2025: 10.5
0.9 27.9

Member states · ranked by latest value

By year