EU-27 SNAPSHOT · 2023 · tsc00002
Research and development personnel by sector of performance — 2023
Eurostat tsc00002 — Research and development personnel by sector of performance. Data range: 2013 to 2024.
EU-27 total · 2023
1.57
Highest · 2023
Denmark
2.33
Lowest · 2023
Romania
0.44
Member-state ranking · 2023
- #1 Denmark DK 148.4% 2.33
- #2 Belgium BE 145.2% 2.28
- #3 Sweden SE 143.3% 2.25
- #4 Finland FI 139.5% 2.19
- #5 Austria AT 128.7% 2.02
- #6 Netherlands NL 126.1% 1.98
- #7 Germany DE 124.8% 1.96
- #8 Luxembourg LU 115.9% 1.82
- #9 Slovenia SI 113.4% 1.78
- #10 France FR 108.3% 1.70
- #11 Czechia CZ 108.3% 1.70
- #12 Ireland IE 103.8% 1.63
- #13 Greece EL 101.9% 1.60
- #14 Portugal PT 98.1% 1.54
- #15 Italy IT 89.8% 1.41
- #16 Estonia EE 79.6% 1.25
- #17 Hungary HU 79.6% 1.25
- #18 Spain ES 75.8% 1.19
- #19 Poland PL 73.2% 1.15
- #20 Lithuania LT 63.7% 1.00
- #21 Croatia HR 62.4% 0.98
- #22 Slovakia SK 56.7% 0.89
- #23 Bulgaria BG 54.8% 0.86
- #24 Latvia LV 46.5% 0.73
- #25 Malta MT 45.9% 0.72
- #26 Cyprus CY 29.9% 0.47
- #27 Romania RO 28.0% 0.44
Source:
Eurostat · tsc00002